SwiftPM Modularization

When to invoke

• Starting a new Swift App project and deciding how to split modules.
• Writing the first version of Package.swift.
• Wanting to reserve the option of shipping core logic to Android / cross-platform later.
• Introducing CloudKit / GameKit / StoreKit and deciding the import scope.
• User asks "single Package or multiple", "should the App target be thin", "how do I wire DI".

Default decisions

Single Package + multiple targets

• Put all modules in one Swift Package, splitting by target (named e.g. <Project>Kit).
• Don't start with multiple Packages — they only add Package.swift maintenance cost and CI resolution time.

Very thin App target

• The App target only contains:
• @main, the App struct
• Info.plist, entitlements
• Assets / Asset Catalog
• A single DI composition root (wiring protocols to concrete implementations)
• All views, logic, and Storage live in the Package.
• The App target has no unit tests — keep it free of logic so nothing there needs one; end-to-end launch tests live in host-driven-xcuitest-e2e. All testable logic is in the Package.

Dependencies flow upward, never downward

Core (pure Swift, no Apple frameworks)
   ↑
Domain (business logic / state)
   ↑
Service modules (CloudKit / GameKit / Storage / Telemetry)
   ↑
UI module (SwiftUI)
   ↑
App target

Restricted Apple framework imports

• CloudKit is imported only in its designated service target.
• Same for GameKit / StoreKit.
• The UI and logic layers consume these via injected protocols, never importing the framework directly.
• This is the precondition for "core ports to Android / Linux" (Swift on Android can consume pure Swift modules directly).

One test target per production target

• Each production target has a matching test target named <Module>Tests.
• Shared fakes / stubs can be factored into a separate <Project>KitTesting target imported by multiple test targets.

Rationale

• Single Package: the App's modules have no need for external publication, so multi-Package's marginal cost outweighs the benefit.
• Thin App target: SwiftUI previews can run straight from the Package, yielding the fastest preview iteration loop.
• Restricted framework imports: enables unit testing, keeps previews free of permission dialogs, and preserves the portability path.
• One-to-one test targets: dependencies are clear, and CI can run only the modules that matter (paired with selective testing tooling).

Deviation considerations

• A module needs to be published externally: upgrade to multi-Package; usually defer until the need is real.
• A third-party dep is so heavy it harms build time: pin it inside a single target and fan out from logic layers.
• Sharing across multiple Apps: extract into a standalone repo Swift Package.

Example shape

<Project>/
├── App/                          # thin shell
│   ├── <Project>App.swift        # @main + DI composition root
│   └── (Assets, Info.plist, entitlements)
└── Packages/
    └── <Project>Kit/
        ├── Package.swift
        └── Sources/
            ├── <Core>/           # pure Swift, no Apple frameworks
            ├── <Domain>/         # domain logic
            ├── <Storage>/        # service module (CloudKit import restricted here)
            ├── <Telemetry>/      # Logger / Tracking facade
            └── <UI>/             # SwiftUI Views
        └── Tests/
            └── <Module>Tests/    # one-to-one

Common footguns

Pin parity across sibling apps (multi-app monorepos only)

• Without a committed Package.resolved, swift package resolve resolves to the newest version each dependency's range allows — it does not consult a sibling app's committed pins. Running it to "materialize" a fresh Package.resolved for a second app silently drifts its pins away from the first app's committed versions.
• To give app B pin-parity with app A: copy A's committed Package.resolved to B and swap only the originHash (obtained from one throwaway resolve on B), preserving the file's JSON formatting; then verify swift build leaves the file byte-identical (no churn). Diff the full pin list against the reference, not just the one dependency a task happened to mention. Optionally run swift package resolve --force-resolved-versions to check the copied pins still satisfy B's manifest — that flag does not update originHash, so it doesn't replace the swap.

Renaming a target or test directory

• swift build plus an import-site grep are not sufficient verification for a target/test-directory rename. Non-Swift tooling — CI workflow files, task runners, code-gen scripts — often hard-code the path string, which compiles fine and passes the import grep but breaks at the tooling layer.
• Before pushing a rename, grep the repo's CI / task-runner / code-gen config for the old path string and run any gate that reads those paths locally to confirm it still resolves.

.xcassets inside a package target

• swift test does not compile a package target's .xcassets at all — asset-catalog resources

are silently invisible to the plain SwiftPM test runner.

• Adding a SwiftPM build-tool plugin to compile the catalog yourself then collides with Xcode's

own LinkAssetCatalog step when the package is consumed from an Xcode project: both produce Assets.car for the same target, giving Multiple commands produce …Assets.car.

• The common guard of checking for a /SourcePackages/plugins/ path does not reliably tell you

whether the build is happening under Xcode — don't rely on it to skip the plugin conditionally.

• Keep asset catalogs in the App target; have package UI code read colors/images through injected tokens or Bundle.module resources that are not .xcassets.

Related skills

• swift6-concurrency: Package applies swiftLanguageModes: [.v6] in one place. swift-tools-version: 6.2 is the shared gate for both platforms: [.iOS(.v26), ...] (apple-platform-targets) and swiftSettings: [.defaultIsolation(...)] (swift6-concurrency) — 6.0/6.1 reject both.
• apple-platform-targets: Package platforms: aligned with App target.
• swift-testing-baseline: test target framework and location.
• telemetry-facade-pattern: why Telemetry is a standalone target.
• Official sources: when verifying or updating a factual or version-sensitive claim, read references/official-docs.md.