Transaction Recipes Skill

You are modeling complex multi-step accounting scenarios in Jaz: transactions that span multiple periods, involve changing amounts, or require several linked entries to complete a single business event.

Jaz-native, not generic. Every recipe in this skill is designed around the Jaz calculators (calculate / clio calc), Jaz capsule types, Jaz CoA classifications, and Jaz scheduler primitives. It is NOT an interchangeable IFRS reference; it is the operating manual for posting these transactions through the Jaz ledger. Never work the amounts by hand: run the calculator first and post the lines it returns. Nothing posts a recipe for you: the calculator posts nothing, and you create the capsule and each entry yourself (see "Posting a Recipe: Three Steps").

This skill provides Jaz-contextual recipes with full accounting logic. For API field names and payloads, load the `jaz-api` skill alongside this one. For the operational close workflows that invoke these recipes (month-end close, GST/VAT filing, year-end close), load the `jaz-jobs` skill.

When to Use This Skill

• Setting up prepaid expenses, deferred revenue, or accrued liabilities
• Modeling loan repayment schedules with amortization tables
• Implementing IFRS 16 lease accounting (right-of-use assets + lease liabilities)
• Recording hire purchase agreements (ownership transfers, depreciate over useful life)
• Recording depreciation using methods Jaz doesn't natively support (declining balance, 150DB)
• Managing fixed deposit placements with interest accrual schedules (IFRS 9)
• Disposing of fixed assets: sale, scrap, or write-off with gain/loss calculation (IAS 16)
• Verifying the period-end FX revaluation Jaz posts itself (IAS 21): the calculator checks the figure, and its result is not posted
• Calculating expected credit loss provisions on aged receivables (IFRS 9)
• Accruing employee leave and bonus obligations (IAS 19)
• Recognizing provisions at PV with discount unwinding (IAS 37)
• Declaring and paying dividends
• Recording and reconciling intercompany transactions across entities
• Capitalizing costs in WIP and transferring to fixed assets
• Any scenario that groups related transactions in a capsule over multiple periods

Building Blocks

Every recipe uses a combination of these Jaz features. See references/building-blocks.md for details.

Key Principle: Schedulers vs Manual Journals

Jaz schedulers generate fixed-amount recurring entries. This determines which recipe pattern to use:

• Fixed amounts each period → One scheduler can replace the N dated journals (it posts each occurrence itself)
• Variable amounts each period → Use manual journals inside a capsule (one per period, amounts from the calculator)
• One-off or two-entry events → Use manual journals (e.g., a dividend declaration; its payment is a cash-out)

If a scenario genuinely fits either pattern, record the pick once the entries post: jot(kind: METHOD) naming the pattern chosen and the deciding fact.

Recipe Index

Each recipe includes: scenario description, accounts involved, journal entries, capsule structure, worked example with real numbers, enrichment suggestions, verification steps, and common variations.

Tier 1: Scheduler Recipes (Automated)

1. [Prepaid Amortization](references/prepaid-amortization.md): Annual insurance, rent, or subscription paid upfront with monthly expense recognition via scheduler. Typical context: month-end close (period-end recognition step inside the month-end close); set up once at data migration when the prior system hands over a prepaid schedule.

1. [Deferred Revenue](references/deferred-revenue.md): Upfront customer payment for a service delivered over time, with monthly revenue recognition via scheduler. Typical context: month-end close (revenue recognition step inside the month-end close); also reviewed at year-end inside the year-end close for true-up.

Tier 2: Manual Journal Recipes (Calculated)

1. [Accrued Expenses](references/accrued-expenses.md): Month-end expense accrual and next-period reversal as a journal pair per period, plus the actual supplier bill. Paired calculator: `clio calc accrued-expense`. Typical context: month-end close (accruals step inside the month-end close).

1. [Bank Loan](references/bank-loan.md): Loan disbursement, monthly installments splitting principal and interest, full amortization table with worked example. Paired calculator: `clio calc loan`. Typical context: ad-hoc (one-off setup at loan drawdown, then month-end close posts or finalizes each installment journal).

1. [IFRS 16 Lease](references/ifrs16-lease.md): Right-of-use asset recognition, lease liability unwinding with changing interest, native FA for ROU straight-line depreciation. Typical context: month-end close (depreciation + liability unwinding booking each period inside the month-end close) and year-end (ROU register sign-off inside the fixed-asset review + the year-end close).

1. [Declining Balance Depreciation](references/declining-balance.md): DDB/150DB methods with switch-to-straight-line logic, for assets where Jaz's native SL isn't appropriate. Typical context: month-end close (depreciation booking inside the month-end close) and year-end (asset register review inside the fixed-asset review).

1. [Fixed Deposit](references/fixed-deposit.md): Placement, monthly interest accrual (simple or compound), and maturity settlement. IFRS 9 amortized cost. Paired calculator: `clio calc fixed-deposit`. Typical context: month-end close (interest accrual journal each period inside the month-end close); placement + maturity events handled ad-hoc.

1. [Hire Purchase](references/hire-purchase.md): Like IFRS 16 lease but ownership transfers; ROU depreciation over useful life (not lease term). Paired calculator: `clio calc lease --useful-life <months>`. Typical context: month-end close (monthly depreciation + interest unwinding inside the month-end close) and year-end (asset register sign-off inside the fixed-asset review).

1. [Asset Disposal](references/asset-disposal.md): Sale at gain, sale at loss, or scrap/write-off. Computes accumulated depreciation to disposal date and gain/loss. Paired calculator: `clio calc asset-disposal`. Typical context: ad-hoc (triggered by a disposal event) and year-end (asset register review inside the fixed-asset review surfaces unposted disposals).

Tier 3: Month-End Close Recipes

1. [FX Revaluation (verification only)](references/fx-revaluation.md): Jaz auto-handles ALL period-end IAS 21.23 FX translation (AR, AP, cash, bank, intercompany, term deposits, FX provisions). The recipe and clio calc fx-reval / calculate(type: 'fx-reval') are for VERIFICATION ONLY (independent cross-check vs what Jaz auto-posted). Do NOT post the calculator's result (it would double-count). Typical context: period-end / year-end FX verification flow.

1. [Bad Debt Provision / ECL](references/bad-debt-provision.md): IFRS 9 simplified approach provision matrix using aged receivables and historical loss rates. Paired calculator: `clio calc ecl`. Typical context: GST/VAT filing cycle (ECL reviewed alongside the return prep since AR aging is already pulled) and year-end (ECL true-up inside the year-end close).

1. [Employee Benefit Accruals](references/employee-accruals.md): IAS 19 leave accrual (scheduler, fixed monthly) and bonus accrual (manual journals, variable quarterly) with year-end true-up. Paired calculator: `clio calc leave-accrual`. Typical context: month-end close (leave-accrual scheduler runs inside the month-end close); bonus accrual revisited each quarter and at year-end (true-up inside the year-end close).

Tier 4: Corporate Events & Structures

1. [Provisions with PV Unwinding](references/provisions.md): IAS 37 provision recognized at PV, with monthly discount unwinding schedule. For warranties, legal claims, decommissioning, restructuring. Paired calculator: `clio calc provision`. Typical context: month-end close (monthly discount-unwinding journal inside the month-end close); initial recognition triggered ad-hoc when the obligating event occurs.

1. [Dividend Declaration & Payment](references/dividend.md): Board-declared dividend: a declaration journal reducing retained earnings, then the payment as a cash-out. Optional withholding tax adds a journal for the withheld amount and a cash-out for its remittance. Paired calculator: `clio calc dividend`. Typical context: year-end (dividend declaration is part of the year-end close after profit is finalized) or ad-hoc (interim dividends).

1. [Intercompany Transactions](references/intercompany.md): Mirrored invoices/bills or journals across two Jaz entities with matching intercompany reference, quarterly settlement. Typical context: month-end close (mirror entries booked each period inside the month-end close) and year-end (intercompany elimination + confirmation inside audit prep).

1. [Capital WIP to Fixed Asset](references/capital-wip.md): Cost accumulation in CIP account during construction/development, transfer to FA on completion, auto-depreciation via Jaz FA module. Typical context: month-end close (cost accumulation each period) and year-end (transfer to FA + commissioning review inside the fixed-asset review).

Posting a Recipe: Three Steps

No tool runs a recipe end to end. You perform three explicit steps (full detail, the action-to-tool mapping and the draft / reference rules are in references/building-blocks.md):

1. Calculate. calculate(type, ...) (MCP) or clio calc <type> ... --json (CLI). Offline, read-only, no account needed. It returns the schedule and, when a start date is given, a blueprint with dated steps and the journal lines for each step. It posts nothing.
2. Create the capsule. list_capsule_types (create the type with create_capsule_type if it is missing), then create_capsule.
3. Post each blueprint step with the real transaction tools, each carrying capsuleResourceId: create_journal, create_bill, create_invoice, create_cash_in, create_cash_out. Where the same amount repeats every period, one create_scheduled_journal can replace the N dated journals. Fixed assets go through the fixed-asset tools (create_fixed_asset, mark_fixed_asset_sold, discard_fixed_asset).

Around those three steps:

• Read the recipe for your scenario first: the accounts, the journal entries, the capsule structure and the worked example.
• Resolve every account yourself. Blueprint lines carry labels (Cash / Bank Account, Loan Payable), not accounts. Map each with search_accounts / list_accounts (bank accounts via list_bank_accounts); create a missing account only after the practitioner confirms its classification.
• Record judgment. Where you picked the method yourself (e.g. method: 'ddb' over 'sl'), record it after the entries post: jot(kind: METHOD) naming the method and why.
• Verify using the steps in each recipe (general ledger grouped by capsule, trial balance checks).
• `fx-reval` is VERIFICATION ONLY. Jaz revalues foreign-currency balances at period end (IAS 21.23); posting the calculator's result double-counts.

Financial Calculators

13 IFRS-compliant financial calculators, reachable two ways with the same result: the MCP tool calculate(type: <type>, ...) and the CLI clio calc <type>. Each produces a schedule + per-period journal entries + human-readable workings. On the CLI use --json for structured output with the blueprint: capsule type/name, tags, custom fields, workings (capsuleDescription), and every step with action type, date, accounts, and amounts.

The MCP param names differ from the CLI flags: annualRate (--rate), termMonths (--term), monthlyPayment (--payment), usefulLifeMonths (--useful-life), salvageValue (--salvage), usefulLifeYears (--life), acquisitionDate / disposalDate (--acquired / --disposed), compounding (--compound), daysPerYear (--days), and buckets: [{ name, balance, rate }] for ECL (--current, --30d ... --rates).

All calculators support --currency <code> and --json.

Inputs the data does not hand you (loss rates, discount rate, salvage value, useful life) are assumptions: once the entries post, lock each with jot(kind: ASSUMPTION) naming the value and its source.

Each calculator has a typical context; see the line after each command for the operational workflow that typically invokes it.

# ── Tier 2 Calculators ──────────────────────────────────────────

# Loan amortization (PMT, interest/principal split)
# Typical context: ad-hoc (one-off setup at drawdown), then month-end close (per-installment journal)
clio calc loan --principal 100000 --rate 6 --term 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# IFRS 16 lease (PV, liability unwinding, ROU depreciation)
# Typical context: month-end close (per-period journal) + year-end (ROU register review)
clio calc lease --payment 5000 --term 36 --rate 5 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Hire purchase (lease + ownership transfer, depreciate over useful life)
# Typical context: month-end close (per-period journal) + year-end (asset register review)
clio calc lease --payment 5000 --term 36 --rate 5 --useful-life 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Depreciation (DDB, 150DB, or straight-line)
# Typical context: month-end close (period depreciation booking) + year-end (FA review)
clio calc depreciation --cost 50000 --salvage 5000 --life 5 [--method ddb|150db|sl] [--frequency annual|monthly] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Prepaid expense recognition
# Typical context: month-end close (period recognition); set up at data migration when the prior system hands over the schedule
clio calc prepaid-expense --amount 12000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Deferred revenue recognition
# Typical context: month-end close (period recognition) + year-end (true-up)
clio calc deferred-revenue --amount 36000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Fixed deposit: simple or compound interest accrual (IFRS 9)
# Typical context: month-end close (interest accrual journal); placement + maturity handled ad-hoc
clio calc fixed-deposit --principal 100000 --rate 3.5 --term 12 [--compound monthly|quarterly|annually] [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Asset disposal: gain/loss on sale or scrap (IAS 16)
# Typical context: ad-hoc (triggered by a disposal event) + year-end (FA review surfaces unposted disposals)
clio calc asset-disposal --cost 50000 --salvage 5000 --life 5 --acquired 2022-01-01 --disposed 2025-06-15 --proceeds 20000 [--method sl|ddb|150db] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Tier 3 Calculators ──────────────────────────────────────────

# FX revaluation (IAS 21): VERIFICATION ONLY. Checks the revaluation Jaz posts itself; never post this result.
# Typical context: month-end close + year-end (cross-check the platform's period-end revaluation)
# --rate-direction is REQUIRED: these rates read foreign-first (1 USD = 1.35 SGD).
# A list_currency_rates value would be FUNCTIONAL_TO_SOURCE instead.
clio calc fx-reval --amount 50000 --book-rate 1.35 --closing-rate 1.38 --rate-direction SOURCE_TO_FUNCTIONAL [--position ASSET|LIABILITY] [--currency USD] [--base-currency SGD] [--json]

# Expected credit loss provision matrix (IFRS 9)
# Typical context: GST/VAT filing cycle (ECL reviewed alongside the return prep) + year-end (ECL true-up)
clio calc ecl --current 100000 --30d 50000 --60d 20000 --90d 10000 --120d 5000 --rates 0.5,2,5,10,50 [--existing-provision 3000] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Tier 4 Calculator ───────────────────────────────────────────

# IAS 37 provision PV + discount unwinding schedule
# Typical context: month-end close (monthly discount unwinding); initial recognition triggered ad-hoc
clio calc provision --amount 500000 --rate 4 --term 60 [--start-date 2025-01-01] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── New Calculators ────────────────────────────────────────────

# Accrued expense: dual-entry (accrue at period-end, reverse next month)
# Typical context: month-end close (accruals step inside the month-end close)
clio calc accrued-expense --amount 5000 --periods 12 [--frequency monthly|quarterly] [--start-date 2025-01-31] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Employee leave accrual (IAS 19): monthly accrual of annual leave entitlements
# Typical context: month-end close (scheduler runs each period); bonus accrual revisited each quarter + year-end true-up
clio calc leave-accrual --employees 10 --days 14 --daily-rate 250 [--periods 12] [--start-date 2025-01-31] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# Dividend declaration + payment: optional withholding tax
# Typical context: year-end (post profit finalization inside the year-end close) or ad-hoc (interim dividends)
clio calc dividend --amount 200000 --declaration-date 2026-02-15 --payment-date 2026-03-15 [--withholding-rate 15] [--currency SGD] [--json]

# ── Reconciliation Calculator ─────────────────────────────────

# Bank reconciliation matcher: 5-phase cascade (1:1, N:1, 1:N, N:M)
# Typical context: month-end close (run inside the bank reconciliation as part of every period close)
clio jobs bank-recon match --input bank-data.json [--tolerance 0.01] [--date-window 14] [--max-group 5] [--json]

Blueprint Output (--json)

The result includes a blueprint object: the capsule to create and the steps to post, in order. The dated calculators (loan, lease, prepaid, deferred revenue, provision, fixed deposit, accrued expense, leave accrual) return blueprint: null when no start date is given.

{
  "type": "loan",
  "currency": "SGD",
  "blueprint": {
    "capsuleType": "Loan Repayment",
    "capsuleName": "Bank Loan — SGD 100,000 — 6% — 60 months",
    "capsuleDescription": "Loan Amortization Workings\nPrincipal: SGD 100,000.00 | Rate: 6% p.a. ...",
    "tags": ["Bank Loan"],
    "customFields": { "Loan Reference": null },
    "steps": [
      {
        "step": 1,
        "action": "cash-in",
        "description": "Record loan proceeds received from bank",
        "date": "2025-01-01",
        "lines": [
          { "account": "Cash / Bank Account", "debit": 100000, "credit": 0 },
          { "account": "Loan Payable", "debit": 0, "credit": 100000 }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Blueprint action types (each step tells you which tool posts it):

Account names in lines are labels to map to real accounts, and cash entries post ACTIVE immediately (no draft state): post a future-dated cash step when the money moves. A cash step can only carry lines on the side opposite the bank: if a cash-in or cash-out step has another line on the bank's side (for example withholding tax), post the net cash entry and a separate journal for that line.

Math guarantees:

• financial npm package (TypeScript port of numpy-financial) for PV, PMT, no hand-rolled TVM
• 2dp per period, final period closes balance to exactly $0.00
• Input validation with clear error messages (negative values, invalid dates, salvage > cost)
• DDB→SL switch when straight-line >= declining balance or when DDB would breach salvage floor
• All journal entries balanced (debits = credits in every step)

See Also

• API field names and payloads: Load the jaz-api skill (see references/endpoints.md and references/field-map.md)
• Three-step flow, action-to-tool mapping, capsule rules: references/building-blocks.md
• Capsule API: POST /capsules, POST /capsuleTypes (see api skill's references/full-api-surface.md)
• Scheduler API: POST /scheduled/journals, POST /scheduled/invoices, POST /scheduled/bills
• Fixed Assets API: POST /fixed-assets (see api skill's references/feature-glossary.md)
• Enrichments overview: See references/building-blocks.md or api skill's references/feature-glossary.md
• Scheduler tools: create_scheduled_journal, create_scheduled_invoice, create_scheduled_bill
• Operational close workflows (jaz-jobs): For the close playbooks that drive these recipes, load the jaz-jobs skill: month-end close (period-end recognition + accruals + a check of the platform's FX revaluation), GST/VAT filing (ECL review during return prep), and year-end close (year-end true-ups, dividends, intercompany elimination).