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姊妹 skill: - founder-fundraising-wargame/term-sheet-anatomy.md:条款 识别 和 红旗判断 - 本 skill:条款 反打 和 谈判策略>
定位区别: - term-sheet-anatomy = 字典(每条是什么) - term-sheet-negotiator = 兵法(怎么反打 VC 的套路)
VC 给你 TS 时,他们已经打了一个 opening move。任何 TS 都不是 take-it-or-leave-it,是 negotiation anchor。你要识别:
每条 TS 背后,VC 有一个 LP committee 预期 和 portfolio pattern。你要识别哪些条款如果让步,他们 内部无法交差,哪些 内部已经让过很多次。
谈判不是每条单独谈,是 整体交换。你要构建「让这 3 条换那 2 条」的 trade-off stack,让 VC 觉得自己赢了整体同时你拿到关键条款。
clause-casebook.md:30+ 条款的详细反打套路(VC opening 话术 + 创始人反打话术 + 让步阶梯)negotiation-scenarios.md:10+ 完整谈判场景从 TS 收到到签字red-team-patterns.md:VC 常见的 red-team 套路(时间压力、打探底牌、fake competition)本主文件:提供方法论框架 + 完整的谈判流程 + 关键决策模型。具体条款反打话术在 clause-casebook.md。
把 TS 30+ 条款分 5 类:
| 类别 | 比例 | 处理 |
|---|---|---|
| 绿色条款(完全 OK) | 50-60% | 接受,不谈 |
| 黄色条款(偏差但可接受) | 20-30% | 储备,不主动攻,但准备 trade 掉 |
| 橙色条款(明显不利) | 10-15% | 主攻,争取改到行业标准 |
| 红色条款(严重红旗) | 3-5% | 死磕,接受即毒药 |
| 缺失条款(应有未列) | 2-5% | 主动加入(如 founder protection) |
VC 给你的 Pre-money 不是真实估值。真实估值 = Pre-money ÷ (1 + option pool adjustment) × (1 − 清算偏好 effective cost) × founder vesting 已 vested 比例 × ...
简化公式:
真实估值 = Headline Pre-money × Terms Quality Multiplier
Terms Quality Multiplier:
- 1x Non-Participating: 1.00
- 1x Participating: 0.85
- 1x Capped Participating: 0.92
- 2x Non-Participating: 0.80
- Full Ratchet Anti-Dilution: × 0.85
- Pre-money option pool: × 0.85-0.90
- Protective provisions 过宽: × 0.95
- 50% Drag-Along threshold: × 0.92
- Aggressive vesting reset: × 0.90示例:VC A 给 $30M pre + clean terms vs VC B 给 $40M pre + participating + pre-money option pool
VC B 看起来高 33%,实际持平。创始人必须会做这个数学。
搜索这个 VC 过去 12 月的 公开 TS(Crunchbase / AngelList / 创始人群组):
结果:你现在知道你拿到的 TS 是 比他们平均更好 / 持平 / 更差。
VC 在 TS 里留了 tells 告诉你他们的 priority:
| Tell | 意味着 |
|---|---|
| 写得特别长的条款 | 他们内部 push 过多次,是 priority |
| 用 「standard」形容某条 | 他们预期你不会谈 |
| 特定 clause 带 explanation | 他们知道这条 unusual,预期你会谈 |
| TS 最后加 legal fees clause | Throwaway,一定可以谈掉 |
| 特别早提到 board seat | 他们 really 要 |
你不可能全部谈赢。选 3 条最关键:
默认 3 项 must-win:
根据你的具体情况调整:
你需要「我让这个你让那个」的具体 trade 组合:
Trade Stack A:「pro-rata for preference」
Trade Stack B:「legal fees for option pool」
Trade Stack C:「drag-along for board」
Trade Stack D:「no-shop extension for valuation match」
输出格式:Track-changes 的 Word / 或干净的 revised TS
对每一条:
策略:你的反向 TS 应该「收敛」—— 不是每条都 maximal demand,而是每条都 sensible + 关键条款 absolutely firm。这样 VC 看到会觉得「这个创始人懂 market,不是无理」。
发送反向 TS 时,附一封 email:
Hi [VC Partner],
Thanks so much for the TS. Really excited about partnering with [Fund].
I've reviewed the TS carefully with my lawyer and some advisors. Attached
is our proposed markup. A few high-level comments:
1. Overall we're aligned on [main themes]. The core economics work for
everyone.
2. Three areas we'd like to discuss:
(a) [must-win #1] — [1 sentence rationale]
(b) [must-win #2] — [1 sentence rationale]
(c) [must-win #3] — [1 sentence rationale]
3. A few smaller items flagged in the markup that I'd love to talk through
but not dealbreakers.
Happy to jump on a call this week — when works for you?
Best,
[Founder]关键:
VC 会 push back。准备好应答:
| VC 的 push-back | 你的应答 |
|---|---|
| "We've done 50 deals with these exact terms" | "I've seen your portfolio. [Specific example] had different terms. Every deal is negotiated to fit." |
| "Our LPs require this protection" | "I understand LP pressure. Here's a structure that achieves that protection via [alternative]. Does that work?" |
| "If we change this, we need to change the valuation" | "Let's not link these. Let's talk terms on their merits. If the valuation is the ultimate question, let's go there directly." |
| "This is how Series A works in 2026" | "Let me share 3 recent comparable deals with different terms. [Share data]." |
| "Other investors wouldn't give you this" | "If that's true, it'll come up in our other conversations. I'll let you know if it does." |
大部分 TS 经过 2-4 轮 iteration 完成:
Round 1:你的反向 TS → VC 的 counter Round 2:你的 counter-counter,focus 3 大件 Round 3:VC 让步某条,你 hold 住 must-win Round 4:收尾,small details
节奏控制:
如果对方 hard no on 你的 must-win:
策略 A:升级
策略 B:Bring in external validation
策略 C:表达愿意放弃
策略 D:找 trade
陷阱 1:Legal drafting creep
陷阱 2:Side letter surprise
陷阱 3:Closing conditions 扩张
陷阱 4:Wire delay
Closing 后 90 天是 investor 对你 signal 最好的时期:
Post-closing 陷阱:closing 后 3-6 月 miss 某个 milestone → investor signal 急速反转 → 下轮 raise 困难
决策树:
收到 TS
├─ 估值 < 行业 bottom quartile?
│ ├─ Yes: walk away (unless desperate)
│ └─ No: continue
├─ 3+ 红旗条款 (Full Ratchet, 2x Participating, etc.)?
│ ├─ Yes: hard negotiate or walk
│ └─ No: continue
├─ Board composition 合理?
│ ├─ No (e.g., VC majority at seed): hard negotiate
│ └─ Yes: continue
├─ 创始人直觉是否 good partner?
│ ├─ No: walk (signal future fights)
│ └─ Yes: negotiate to close不只看 valuation,还看:
| 维度 | 权重 | 评分 |
|---|---|---|
| 估值(Real valuation after terms adjust) | 25% | |
| VC tier / signal | 25% | |
| Partner fit / 可交流度 | 20% | |
| Portfolio synergy | 10% | |
| Board 能力(能 helpful 吗) | 10% | |
| Pro-rata for next round | 5% | |
| Terms cleanness | 5% |
Pitfall:只看 valuation 的创始人常常后悔。VC tier + partner fit 的长期价值通常 > 10-20% valuation premium。
Walk signals:
使用此 skill 的 prompt 模板:
我收到一份 TS,帮我:
1. 分类 30 条款到 绿/黄/橙/红/缺失 5 类
2. 计算真实估值(用 Terms Quality Multiplier)
3. 识别 VC 的 3 项 opening move + 3 项 throwaway
4. 提出我的 3 项 must-win 和 3 个 trade stack
5. 给我一份反向 TS(markup format)
6. 草拟第一次回复 email
7. 预测 VC 最可能的 push-back + 我的应答
TS 内容:[paste TS here]
行业背景:[AI/SaaS/Biotech/etc.]
我的 BATNA:[多少 offer / 竞争激烈度]vc-pitch-killtest 帮你确认 pitch 结构、founder-fundraising-wargame 帮你融资整体战略term-sheet-anatomy 是本 skill 的 reference guide(条款字典)board-dynamics-wargame (v1.0) 帮你 post-closing board 管理、vc-due-diligence-simulator (v1.0) 帮你应对 closing DD本 skill 的设计假设:
如果市场条件变化(如 2027+ bubble 或 2027- downturn),需要调整锚点。
founder-fundraising-wargame/term-sheet-anatomy.md 差异化(字典 vs 兵法)。卫星文件 clause-casebook.md 待后续完成。~30 seconds. Free. No account. Every finding cites a rule and a line of evidence.