Bug Killer — Hypothesis-Driven Debugging Workflow

Execute a systematic debugging workflow that enforces investigation before fixes. Every bug gets a hypothesis journal, evidence gathering, and root cause confirmation before any code changes.

CRITICAL: Complete ALL 5 phases. The workflow is not complete until Phase 5: Wrap-up & Report is finished. After completing each phase, immediately proceed to the next phase without waiting for user prompts.

Phase Overview

1. Triage & Reproduction — Understand, reproduce, route to quick or deep track
2. Investigation — Gather evidence with language-specific techniques
3. Root Cause Analysis — Confirm root cause through hypothesis testing
4. Fix & Verify — Fix with proof, regression test, quality check
5. Wrap-up & Report — Document trail, capture learnings

Phase 1: Triage & Reproduction

Goal: Understand the bug, reproduce it, and decide the investigation track.

1.1 Parse Context

Extract from $ARGUMENTS and conversation context:

• Bug description: What's failing? Error messages, symptoms
• Reproduction steps: How to trigger the bug (test command, user action, etc.)
• Environment: Language, framework, test runner, relevant config
• Prior attempts: Has the user already tried fixes? What didn't work?
• Deep flag: If --deep is present, skip triage and go directly to deep track (jump to Phase 2 deep track)

1.2 Reproduce the Bug

Attempt to reproduce before investigating:

1. If a failing test was mentioned, run it:

   # Run the specific test to confirm the failure
   <test-runner> <test-file>::<test-name>

1. If an error was described, find and trigger it
2. If neither, search for related test files and run them

Capture the exact error output — this is your primary evidence.

If the bug cannot be reproduced:

• Ask the user for more context via AskUserQuestion
• Check if it's environment-specific or intermittent
• Note "not yet reproduced" in the hypothesis journal

1.3 Form Initial Hypothesis

Based on the error message and context, form your first hypothesis:

### H1: [Title]
- Hypothesis: [What you think is causing the bug]
- Evidence for: [What supports this — error message, stack trace, etc.]
- Evidence against: [Anything that contradicts it — if none yet, say "None yet"]
- Test plan: [Specific steps to confirm or reject]
- Status: Pending

1.4 Route to Track

Quick-fix signals (ALL must be true):

• Clear, specific error message pointing to exact location
• Localized to 1-2 files (not spread across the codebase)
• Obvious fix visible from reading the error location
• No concurrency, timing, or state management involved

Deep-track signals (ANY one triggers deep track):

• Bug spans 3+ files or modules
• Root cause unclear from the error message alone
• Intermittent or environment-dependent failure
• Involves concurrency, timing, shared state, or async behavior
• User already tried fixes that didn't work
• Generic error message (e.g., "null reference" without clear origin)
• Stack trace points to library/framework code rather than application code

Present your assessment via AskUserQuestion:

• Summarize the bug and your initial hypothesis
• Recommend quick or deep track with justification
• Options: "Quick track (Recommended)" / "Deep track" / "Deep track" / "Quick track" — depending on your assessment
• Let the user override your recommendation

Track escalation rule: If during quick track execution, 2 hypotheses are rejected, automatically escalate to deep track. Preserve all hypothesis journal entries when escalating.

Phase 2: Investigation

Goal: Gather evidence systematically, guided by language-specific techniques.

2.1 Load Language Reference

Detect the primary language of the bug's context and load the appropriate reference:

Always also load general-debugging.md as a supplement when using a language-specific reference.

2.2 Quick Track Investigation

For quick-track bugs, investigate directly:

1. Read the error location — the file and function where the error occurs
2. Read the immediate callers — 1-2 files up the call chain
3. Check recent changes — git log --oneline -5 -- <file> for the affected files
4. Update hypothesis — does the evidence support H1? Add evidence for/against

Proceed to Phase 3 (quick track).

2.3 Deep Track Investigation

For deep-track bugs, use parallel exploration agents:

1. Plan exploration areas — identify 2-3 focus areas based on the bug:

• Focus 1: The error site and immediate code path
• Focus 2: Data flow and state management leading to the error
• Focus 3: Related subsystems, configuration, or external dependencies

1. Launch code-explorer agents:

Spawn 2-3 code-explorer agents from core-tools:

   Use Task tool with subagent_type: "agent-alchemy-core-tools:code-explorer"

   Prompt for each agent:
   Bug context: [description of the bug and error]
   Focus area: [specific area for this agent]

   Investigate this focus area in relation to the bug:
   - Find all relevant files
   - Trace the execution/data path
   - Identify where behavior diverges from expected
   - Note any suspicious patterns, recent changes, or known issues
   - Report structured findings

Launch agents in parallel for independent focus areas.

1. Synthesize exploration results:

• Collect findings from all agents
• Identify convergence (multiple agents pointing to same area)
• Update hypothesis journal with new evidence
• Form additional hypotheses if evidence warrants (aim for 2-3 total)

Proceed to Phase 3 (deep track).

Phase 3: Root Cause Analysis

Goal: Confirm the root cause through systematic hypothesis testing.

3.1 Quick Track Root Cause

For quick-track bugs:

1. Verify the hypothesis:

• Read the specific code identified in Phase 2
• Trace the logic step-by-step
• Confirm that the hypothesized cause produces the observed error

1. If confirmed (Status → Confirmed):

• Update H1 with confirming evidence
• Proceed to Phase 4

1. If rejected (Status → Rejected):

• Update H1 with evidence against and reason for rejection
• Form a new hypothesis (H2) based on what you learned
• Investigate H2 following Phase 2 quick track steps
• If H2 is also rejected → escalate to deep track
• Preserve all journal entries, continue with Phase 2 deep track

3.2 Deep Track Root Cause

For deep-track bugs:

1. Prepare hypotheses for testing:

• You should have 2-3 hypotheses from Phase 2
• Each needs a concrete test plan (how to confirm or reject)

1. Launch bug-investigator agents:

Spawn 1-3 bug-investigator agents to test hypotheses in parallel:

   Use Task tool with subagent_type: "bug-investigator"

   Prompt for each agent:
   Bug context: [description of the bug and error]

   Hypothesis to test: [specific hypothesis]
   Test plan:
   1. [Step 1 — e.g., run this specific test with these arguments]
   2. [Step 2 — e.g., check git blame for this function]
   3. [Step 3 — e.g., trace the data from input to error site]

   Report your findings with verdict (confirmed/rejected/inconclusive),
   evidence, and recommendations.

Launch agents in parallel when they test independent hypotheses.

1. Evaluate results:

• Update hypothesis journal with each agent's findings
• If one hypothesis is confirmed → proceed to Phase 4
• If all are rejected/inconclusive → apply 5 Whys technique:

Take the strongest "inconclusive" finding and ask "why?" iteratively:

     Observed: [what actually happens]
     Why? → [first-level cause]
     Why? → [second-level cause]
     Why? → [root cause]

• Form new hypotheses from 5 Whys analysis and repeat investigation

1. If stuck after 2 rounds of investigation:

• Present all findings to the user via AskUserQuestion
• Share the hypothesis journal
• Ask for additional context or direction
• Options: "Continue investigating", "Try a different angle", "Provide more context"

Phase 4: Fix & Verify

Goal: Fix the root cause and prove the fix works.

4.1 Design the Fix

Before writing any code:

1. Explain the root cause — state clearly what's wrong and why
2. Explain the fix — describe what will change and WHY it addresses the root cause
3. Identify affected files — list every file that needs modification
4. Consider side effects — could this fix break other behavior?

4.2 Implement the Fix

1. Read all files that will be modified before making changes
2. Apply the fix using Edit tool — minimal, focused changes
3. Match existing patterns — follow the codebase's conventions

4.3 Run Tests

1. Run the originally failing test — it should now pass:

   <test-runner> <test-file>::<test-name>

1. Run related tests — tests in the same file and nearby test files:

   <test-runner> <test-directory>

1. If tests fail:

• Determine if the failure is related to the fix or pre-existing
• If related, revise the fix (do NOT revert to a different approach without updating the hypothesis journal)
• If pre-existing, note it but don't let it block the fix

4.4 Write Regression Test

Write a test that would have caught this bug:

1. The test should fail WITHOUT the fix (verifying it tests the right thing)
2. The test should pass WITH the fix
3. The test should be minimal — test the specific behavior that was broken
4. Place it in the appropriate test file following project conventions

4.5 Deep Track: Quality Check and Related Issues

Deep track only — skip on quick track.

1. Load code-quality skill:

   Read ${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/skills/code-quality/SKILL.md

Review the fix against code quality principles.

1. Check for related issues:

• Search for the same pattern elsewhere in the codebase:

     Grep for the pattern that caused the bug

• If the same bug exists in other locations, report them to the user
• Ask via AskUserQuestion: "Fix all related instances now?" / "Fix only the reported bug" / "Create tasks for related fixes"

Phase 5: Wrap-up & Report

Goal: Document the investigation trail and capture learnings.

5.1 Bug Fix Summary

Present to the user:

## Bug Fix Summary

### Bug
[One-line description of the bug]

### Root Cause
[What was actually wrong and why]

### Fix Applied
[What was changed, with file:line references]

### Tests
- [Originally failing test]: Now passing
- [Regression test added]: [test name and location]
- [Related tests]: All passing

### Track
[Quick / Deep] [Escalated from quick: Yes/No]

5.2 Hypothesis Journal Recap

Present the complete hypothesis journal showing the investigation trail:

### Investigation Trail

#### H1: [Title]
- Status: Confirmed / Rejected
- [Key evidence summary]

#### H2: [Title] (if applicable)
- Status: Confirmed / Rejected
- [Key evidence summary]

[... additional hypotheses ...]

5.3 Project Learnings

Load the project-learnings skill to evaluate whether this bug reveals project-specific knowledge worth capturing:

Read ${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/skills/project-learnings/SKILL.md

Follow its workflow to evaluate the finding. Common debugging discoveries that qualify:

• Surprising API behavior specific to this project
• Undocumented conventions that caused the bug
• Architectural constraints that aren't obvious from the code

5.4 Deep Track: Future Recommendations

Deep track only:

If the investigation revealed broader concerns, present recommendations:

• Architecture improvements to prevent similar bugs
• Missing test coverage areas
• Documentation gaps
• Monitoring or alerting suggestions

5.5 Next Steps

Offer the user options via AskUserQuestion:

• "Commit the fix" — proceed to commit workflow
• "Review the changes" — show a diff of all modifications
• "Run full test suite" — run the complete test suite to verify no regressions
• "Done" — wrap up the session

Hypothesis Journal

The hypothesis journal is the core artifact of this workflow. Maintain it throughout all phases.

Format

## Hypothesis Journal — [Bug Title]

### H1: [Descriptive Title]
- **Hypothesis:** [What's causing the bug — be specific]
- **Evidence for:** [Supporting observations with file:line references]
- **Evidence against:** [Contradicting observations]
- **Test plan:** [Concrete steps to confirm or reject]
- **Status:** Pending / Confirmed / Rejected
- **Notes:** [Additional context, timestamps, agent findings]

### H2: [Descriptive Title]
[Same format]

Rules

• Minimum hypotheses: 1 on quick track, 2-3 on deep track
• Never delete entries — rejected hypotheses are valuable context
• Update incrementally — add evidence as you find it, don't wait
• Be specific — "the data is wrong" is not a hypothesis; "processOrder receives dollars but expects cents" is

Track Reference

Agent Coordination

Code Explorers (Phase 2, deep track)

Use cross-plugin agent reference:

subagent_type: "agent-alchemy-core-tools:code-explorer"

These are Sonnet-model read-only agents that explore codebase areas. Give each a distinct focus area related to the bug. They report structured findings.

Bug Investigators (Phase 3, deep track)

Use same-plugin agent reference:

subagent_type: "bug-investigator"

These are Sonnet-model agents with Bash access for running tests and git commands, but no Write/Edit — they investigate and report evidence, they don't fix code. Give each a specific hypothesis to test.

Error Handling

• If an agent fails, continue with remaining agents' results
• If all agents fail in a phase, fall back to manual investigation
• Never block on a single agent — partial results are better than no results

Error Recovery

If any phase fails:

1. Explain what went wrong and what you've learned so far
2. Present the hypothesis journal as-is
3. Ask the user how to proceed via AskUserQuestion:

• "Retry this phase"
• "Skip to fix" (if you have enough evidence)
• "Provide more context"
• "Abort"