Web Audio Processing Guide

Step 1 — Set up AudioContext and load worklet module

• Create AudioContext inside a user gesture handler (click, keydown) to satisfy autoplay policy.
• Call await audioContext.audioWorklet.addModule('path/to/processor.js') before creating nodes.
• The module path is resolved relative to the page; bundlers may require special config (e.g. Vite's ?worker&url import).
• Check audioContext.state and call audioContext.resume() if it is 'suspended'.

Step 2 — Write the AudioWorkletProcessor

• Subclass AudioWorkletProcessor in a separate file; call registerProcessor('name', Class) at module scope.
• Implement process(inputs, outputs, parameters) — inputs[n][channel] and outputs[n][channel] are Float32Array views for the current render quantum. Use .length in loops instead of hardcoding 128.
• Pre-allocate all working buffers in constructor(); never create objects or arrays inside process().
• Declare custom AudioParams via static get parameterDescriptors() returning an array of { name, defaultValue, minValue, maxValue, automationRate } descriptors.
• Return true from process() to keep the processor alive; false or no return shuts it down.

Step 3 — Wire up the node graph

• Instantiate the node on the main thread: new AudioWorkletNode(ctx, 'name', options).
• Use node.connect(destination) and source.connect(node) to build the signal path; AudioContext.destination is the hardware output.
• Access AudioParams via node.parameters.get('paramName') — set .value for immediate changes.
• Schedule smooth automation with .linearRampToValueAtTime(), .setTargetAtTime(), or .setValueCurveAtTime() on the AudioParam.
• Tear down cleanly: node.disconnect(), then source.stop(), then audioContext.close().

Step 4 — Worklet ↔ main thread communication

• Use this.port.postMessage() / node.port.onmessage for low-frequency control (meters, state changes, error reporting).
• Batch postMessage calls; avoid sending one per render quantum (currently ~344/sec at 44.1 kHz with 128-frame quanta).
• For high-frequency or low-latency control (e.g. live gain, pitch), share a SharedArrayBuffer and read/write integer views with Atomics.load() / Atomics.store(). Scale floats to integers or bit-cast through a private buffer; Atomics does not operate on Float32Array.
• Cross-origin isolation (COOP: same-origin + COEP: require-corp response headers) is required for SharedArrayBuffer.

Step 5 — WebMIDI integration

• Request access with await navigator.requestMIDIAccess({ sysex: false }); handle the MIDIAccess object on success.
• Enumerate inputs via midiAccess.inputs.forEach(input => ...) and attach input.onmidimessage = handler.
• Parse the MIDIMessageEvent.data byte array: data[0] & 0xF0 = status (0x90 = note on, 0xB0 = CC, 0xE0 = pitch bend), data[1] = note/CC number, data[2] = velocity/value.
• Map MIDI values to AudioParam targets: normalize 7-bit CC (0–127) to your parameter range and write via .setTargetAtTime() or a SharedArrayBuffer cell for real-time feel.