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本技能協助您在 .NET xUnit 測試專案中實作高品質的測試輸出與記錄機制。
正確的注入方式
ITestOutputHelperpublic class MyTests
{
private readonly ITestOutputHelper _output;
public MyTests(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
{
_output = testOutputHelper;
}
}常見錯誤
private static ITestOutputHelper _output建議的輸出結構
private void LogSection(string title)
{
_output.WriteLine($"\n=== {title} ===");
}
private void LogKeyValue(string key, object value)
{
_output.WriteLine($"{key}: {value}");
}
private void LogTimestamp(DateTime time)
{
_output.WriteLine($"執行時間: {time:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}");
}輸出時機
挑戰:擴充方法無法直接 Mock
ILogger.LogError() 是擴充方法,NSubstitute 無法直接攔截。需要攔截底層的 Log<TState> 方法:
// ❌ 錯誤:直接 Mock 擴充方法會失敗
logger.Received().LogError(Arg.Any<string>());
// ✅ 正確:攔截底層方法
logger.Received().Log(
LogLevel.Error,
Arg.Any<EventId>(),
Arg.Is<object>(o => o.ToString().Contains("預期訊息")),
Arg.Any<Exception>(),
Arg.Any<Func<object, Exception, string>>()
);解決方案:使用抽象層
建立 AbstractLogger<T> 來簡化測試:
public abstract class AbstractLogger<T> : ILogger<T>
{
public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
=> null;
public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
=> true;
public void Log<TState>(
LogLevel logLevel,
EventId eventId,
TState state,
Exception exception,
Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
{
Log(logLevel, exception, state?.ToString() ?? string.Empty);
}
public abstract void Log(LogLevel logLevel, Exception ex, string information);
}測試時使用
var logger = Substitute.For<AbstractLogger<MyService>>();
// 現在可以簡單驗證
logger.Received().Log(LogLevel.Error, Arg.Any<Exception>(), Arg.Is<string>(s => s.Contains("錯誤訊息")));XUnitLogger:將記錄導向測試輸出
public class XUnitLogger<T> : ILogger<T>
{
private readonly ITestOutputHelper _testOutputHelper;
public XUnitLogger(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
{
_testOutputHelper = testOutputHelper;
}
public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state,
Exception exception, Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
{
var message = formatter(state, exception);
_testOutputHelper.WriteLine($"[{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss.fff}] [{logLevel}] [{typeof(T).Name}] {message}");
if (exception != null)
{
_testOutputHelper.WriteLine($"Exception: {exception}");
}
}
// 其他必要的介面實作...
}CompositeLogger:同時支援驗證與輸出
public class CompositeLogger<T> : ILogger<T>
{
private readonly ILogger<T>[] _loggers;
public CompositeLogger(params ILogger<T>[] loggers)
{
_loggers = loggers;
}
public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state,
Exception exception, Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
{
foreach (var logger in _loggers)
{
logger.Log(logLevel, eventId, state, exception, formatter);
}
}
// 其他介面實作會委派給所有內部 logger...
}使用方式
// 同時進行行為驗證與測試輸出
var mockLogger = Substitute.For<AbstractLogger<MyService>>();
var xunitLogger = new XUnitLogger<MyService>(_output);
var compositeLogger = new CompositeLogger<MyService>(mockLogger, xunitLogger);
var service = new MyService(compositeLogger);[Fact]
public async Task ProcessLargeDataSet_效能測試()
{
// Arrange
var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
var checkpoints = new List<(string Stage, TimeSpan Elapsed)>();
_output.WriteLine("開始處理大型資料集...");
// Act & Monitor
await processor.LoadData(dataSet);
checkpoints.Add(("資料載入", stopwatch.Elapsed));
_output.WriteLine($"資料載入完成: {stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds:F2} ms");
await processor.ProcessData();
checkpoints.Add(("資料處理", stopwatch.Elapsed));
_output.WriteLine($"資料處理完成: {stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds:F2} ms");
stopwatch.Stop();
// Assert & Report
_output.WriteLine("\n=== 效能報告 ===");
foreach (var (stage, elapsed) in checkpoints)
{
_output.WriteLine($"{stage}: {elapsed.TotalMilliseconds:F2} ms");
}
}public abstract class DiagnosticTestBase
{
protected readonly ITestOutputHelper Output;
protected DiagnosticTestBase(ITestOutputHelper output)
{
Output = output;
}
protected void LogTestStart(string testName)
{
Output.WriteLine($"\n=== {testName} ===");
Output.WriteLine($"執行時間: {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}");
}
protected void LogTestData(object data)
{
Output.WriteLine($"測試資料: {JsonSerializer.Serialize(data, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true })}");
}
protected void LogAssertionFailure(string field, object expected, object actual)
{
Output.WriteLine("\n=== 斷言失敗 ===");
Output.WriteLine($"欄位: {field}");
Output.WriteLine($"預期值: {expected}");
Output.WriteLine($"實際值: {actual}");
}
}參考 templates/ 目錄下的完整範例:
itestoutputhelper-example.cs - ITestOutputHelper 使用範例ilogger-testing-example.cs - ILogger 測試策略範例diagnostic-tools.cs - XUnitLogger 與 CompositeLogger 實作本技能內容提煉自「老派軟體工程師的測試修練 - 30 天挑戰」系列文章:
unit-test-fundamentals - 單元測試基礎xunit-project-setup - xUnit 專案設定nsubstitute-mocking - 測試替身與模擬在實作測試輸出與記錄時,確認以下檢查項目:
~30 seconds. Free. No account. Every finding cites a rule and a line of evidence.