Skeleton Loaders

Build skeleton loading states that are pixel-perfect matches of real content.

Transparent Text Technique

Use real HTML elements (<p>, <span>, <h2>, <button>) with the same font classes as the real component, plus shimmer + transparency classes. This makes skeletons inherit exact line-height, font-size, and weight, producing pixel-perfect dimensions without hardcoded h-*/w-* values.

Shimmer class constant

Define a shared class string at the top of the skeleton component:

const shimmer =
  'animate-shimmer rounded-sm bg-linear-to-r from-slate-950 via-slate-900 to-slate-950 bg-size-[200%_100%] text-transparent select-none';

Text elements

Copy the real component's element type and font classes, add shimmer. How you fill the text depends on whether the real text is static or dynamic:

• Static, translatable text (labels, headings, button text): use the same t() value the real component uses. The text is transparent, but reusing t() makes the skeleton width match the revealed text exactly.
• Dynamic runtime values ({data.name}, API content): you cannot know the real value, so use hardcoded placeholder text of similar character count to approximate its width.

import {twJoin} from 'tailwind-merge';

// Real component
<h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-white">{t('profile.heading')}</h2>   // static
<p className="truncate text-sm font-semibold text-white">{data.name}</p>   // dynamic
<p className="text-xs text-slate-400">{data.value}</p>                     // dynamic

// Skeleton
<h2 className={twJoin('text-lg font-bold', shimmer)}>{t('profile.heading')}</h2>  // same t(), exact width
<p className={twJoin('truncate text-sm font-semibold', shimmer)}>Name</p>         // approximate
<p className={twJoin('text-xs', shimmer)}>Example value</p>                        // approximate

Non-text elements (images, icons, avatars)

Keep as empty divs with the shimmer class, no text needed:

<div className={twJoin('size-14 shrink-0', shimmer)} />

Interactive elements (buttons)

Use the real element type with tabIndex={-1} to prevent focus. Button labels are static text, so use the real t() value (exact width on reveal):

<button
  className={twJoin('w-full py-2 text-xs font-medium', shimmer)}
  tabIndex={-1}
  type="button"
>
  {t('common.submit')}
</button>

200ms Delay Pattern

Avoid skeleton flash on fast loads. Show stale/empty content for 200ms before revealing the skeleton:

const [showSkeleton, setShowSkeleton] = useState(false);

// Valid Effect: synchronizing component state with a timer (external system).
// The cleanup prevents a state update after unmount.
useEffect(() => {
  const timer = setTimeout(() => setShowSkeleton(true), 200);
  return () => clearTimeout(timer);
}, []);

if (!showSkeleton) return null; // or return stale content
return <MySkeleton />;

When to Use

• Lazy-loaded panels (side panels, detail views)
• Fetcher-driven content swaps
• Async data sections (lists, profiles, detail views)
• Route transitions with pending loader data

Accessibility

Skeleton text is transparent, but screen readers still announce it (placeholder text and any t() labels). Hide the skeleton from assistive tech and announce loading instead:

• Put aria-hidden on the skeleton's root element so assistive tech skips the decorative placeholders.
• Mark the region that will receive the content with aria-busy="true" while loading, or render a visually-hidden role="status" "Loading" message so screen-reader users know content is on the way.

Full Example Implementation

import {twJoin} from 'tailwind-merge';

const shimmer =
  'animate-shimmer rounded-sm bg-linear-to-r from-slate-950 via-slate-900 to-slate-950 bg-size-[200%_100%] text-transparent select-none';

const ExampleSkeleton = () => (
  <div aria-hidden className="border border-slate-700 bg-slate-900">
    <div className="flex items-center gap-3 p-3">
      <div className={twJoin('size-14 shrink-0', shimmer)} />
      <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
        <p className={twJoin('truncate text-sm font-semibold', shimmer)}>
          Name
        </p>
        <p className={twJoin('truncate text-xs', shimmer)}>Example value</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
);

export default ExampleSkeleton;