Billing

STOP, prerequisite. Billing must be enabled before any <PricingTable />, <CheckoutButton />, has({ plan }), or has({ feature }) usage works. Two paths: (1) Dashboard → Billing → Settings, or (2) clerk enable billing (see "Agent-first: Programmatic billing config" below). Enabling auto-creates default free_user / free_org plans. Dev instances can use the shared Clerk development gateway (no Stripe account needed); production requires a Stripe account for payment processing only.

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Note: Billing APIs are still experimental. Pin your @clerk/nextjs and clerk-js package versions. See clerk skill for the supported version table.

Quick Start

1. Enable Billing, via Dashboard → Billing → Settings or clerk enable billing (see Agent-first section). Skipping this throws cannot_render_billing_disabled in dev and renders empty in prod.
2. Create plans in the matching tab, Dashboard → Billing → Plans. Two tabs, slugs scoped per tab, not movable after creation:

• User Plans → <PricingTable /> (default for="user")
• Organization Plans → <PricingTable for="organization" />

Wrong-tab is the #1 cause of an empty <PricingTable />. Plans live in Clerk; not synced to Stripe.

1. Add features inside a plan, open the plan in Dashboard → Billing → Plans, use its Features section. Features are scoped per plan, not global. The same slug can attach to multiple plans; has({ feature: 'export' }) matches if the active plan contains that slug.
2. Render `<PricingTable />` (pass for="organization" for B2B).
3. Gate access with has({ plan }) or has({ feature }) from auth().
4. Handle billing webhooks for subscription lifecycle.

Dashboard shortcuts

Agent-first: Programmatic billing config

The full billing config (enable toggles, plans, features, plan-feature attachments) is editable via PLAPI without touching the Dashboard. Useful for agents seeding plans, replicating config across instances, or version-controlling billing structure.

Pre-req: project linked to the Clerk app (clerk auth login + clerk link, see clerk-setup).

Enable Billing via CLI

clerk enable billing                # both targets (default, auto-creates free_user + free_org plans)
clerk enable billing --for org      # org only
clerk enable billing --for user     # user only

Pull current billing config

clerk config pull --keys billing > billing.json

This writes the current billing config (toggles + plans + features) for the linked instance to billing.json.

Edit and apply

Edit billing.json to add/remove plans or features, then preview the diff and apply:

clerk config patch --file billing.json --dry-run
clerk config patch --file billing.json

Pass --instance prod to target the production instance instead of dev.

Raw PATCH (full control)

For one-shot plan/feature updates without a config file:

clerk api --platform PATCH /v1/platform/applications/<app_id>/instances/<ins_id>/config \
  -d '{"billing":{"plans":[{"slug":"pro","name":"Pro","amount":2000,"currency":"usd","payer_type":"user","is_recurring":true}],"features":[{"slug":"export","name":"Export"}]}}'

Notes

• This handles billing config (toggles + plans + features catalog). Subscription lifecycle (users picking a plan, checkout, renewal, cancellation) still flows through <PricingTable /> + billing webhooks, see clerk-webhooks skill for the lifecycle events.
• Top-level features map manipulation and plan-feature attachments (sync) are fully supported via the PLAPI billing config handler.

What Do You Need?

References

Documentation

• Billing overview
• B2B SaaS billing
• B2C SaaS billing
• Billing webhooks

Features vs Plans: When to Use Which

Use `has({ feature: 'slug' })` when gating a specific capability, export, analytics, API access, audit logs.

Use `has({ plan: 'slug' })` when gating a tier, showing the pro dashboard, checking org subscription level, redirecting free users.

When a user says "gate the export feature" or "gate analytics", always use has({ feature }). Only use has({ plan }) when the gate is the plan tier itself, not a specific capability within it.

Key Patterns

1. Render the Pricing Table

Show available plans to users with a single component:

import { PricingTable } from '@clerk/nextjs'

export default function PricingPage() {
	return (
		<main>
			<h1>Choose a plan</h1>
			<PricingTable />
		</main>
	)
}

<PricingTable /> automatically renders all plans configured in the Clerk Dashboard. Selecting a plan opens Clerk's in-app checkout drawer. No props needed for basic usage. For B2B, pass for="organization" to render org-level plans instead of user plans.

2. Check Feature Entitlements (Server-Side)

Gate by individual features, this is the preferred approach for specific capabilities:

import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server'

export default async function AnalyticsPage() {
	const { has } = await auth()

	const canViewAnalytics = has({ feature: 'analytics' })
	const canExport = has({ feature: 'export' })

	return (
		<div>
			{canViewAnalytics && <AnalyticsChart />}
			{canExport && <ExportButton />}
		</div>
	)
}

Features are configured in Clerk Dashboard → Billing → Features and assigned to plans. Use has({ feature }) instead of has({ plan }) when gating granular capabilities, check the feature, not the plan.

3. Check Feature Entitlements (Client-Side)

Use useAuth() for client-side feature gating. Combine with server-side checks for full coverage:

'use client'
import { useAuth } from '@clerk/nextjs'

export function FeatureGatedUI() {
	const { has, isLoaded } = useAuth()
	if (!isLoaded) return null

	const canExport = has?.({ feature: 'export' })
	const canAnalytics = has?.({ feature: 'analytics' })

	return (
		<div>
			{canAnalytics && <AnalyticsSection />}
			{canExport ? <ExportButton /> : <UpgradeToExport />}
		</div>
	)
}

Server Components use auth(), Client Components use useAuth(). Both support has({ feature }) and has({ plan }).

4. Check Subscription Plan Server-Side

Gate access by subscription plan (use this for tier-level gates, not individual features):

import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server'
import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'

export default async function ProDashboard() {
	const { has } = await auth()

	if (!has({ plan: 'pro' })) {
		redirect('/pricing')
	}

	return <ProFeatures />
}

5. Client-Side Plan Checks

Use useAuth() hook for client components:

'use client'
import { useAuth } from '@clerk/nextjs'

export function UpgradePrompt() {
	const { has } = useAuth()

	if (has?.({ plan: 'pro' })) {
		return null
	}

	return (
		<div>
			<p>Upgrade to Pro to access this feature</p>
			<a href="/pricing">View plans</a>
		</div>
	)
}

6. B2B Seat-Based Billing with Organizations

Org plans can carry a seat limit (membership cap) that Clerk enforces at invite time. Use the org: slug prefix on org-side plan checks (e.g. has({ plan: 'org:team' })) to keep gating unambiguous. Render the B2B pricing page with <PricingTable for="organization" />, and use <OrganizationProfile /> for the org account billing UI.

See references/b2b-patterns.md for tiered plan naming, seat-limit invariants, admin-only billing, and webhook handlers.

7. Display Subscription Status

Check specific plans with has({ plan }), or use useSubscription() for full subscription details in client components. Do not read plan information from sessionClaims directly, that is not the supported path.

Server component, check for specific plans:

import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server'

export default async function AccountPage() {
	const { has } = await auth()

	const currentPlan = has({ plan: 'pro' })
		? 'pro'
		: has({ plan: 'starter' })
			? 'starter'
			: 'free'

	return (
		<div>
			<h2>Current Plan</h2>
			<p>You are on the {currentPlan} plan</p>
			{currentPlan === 'free' && <a href="/pricing">Upgrade</a>}
		</div>
	)
}

Client component, full subscription details via useSubscription():

'use client'
import { useSubscription } from '@clerk/nextjs/experimental'

export function SubscriptionDetails() {
	const { data: subscription, isLoading } = useSubscription()
	if (isLoading) return null
	if (!subscription) return <a href="/pricing">Choose a plan</a>

	return (
		<div>
			<p>Status: {subscription.status}</p>
			{subscription.nextPayment && (
				<p>Next payment: {subscription.nextPayment.date.toLocaleDateString()}</p>
			)}
		</div>
	)
}

useSubscription() is for display only. For authorization checks (gating content or routes), always use has({ plan }) or has({ feature }).

8. Protect API Routes by Plan

Gate API routes using auth():

import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server'
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'

export async function GET() {
	const { has } = await auth()

	if (!has({ plan: 'pro' })) {
		return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Pro plan required' }, { status: 403 })
	}

	return NextResponse.json({ data: 'premium data' })
}

9. Handle Billing Webhooks

Clerk event names differ from Stripe event names. Clerk billing webhooks use dot-notation and camelCase, not Stripe's underscore format.

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There is no subscription.canceled event. Cancellation fires at the item level as subscriptionItem.canceled.

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| Intent | Stripe event name | Clerk event name | |--------|------------------|-----------------| | Subscription created | customer.subscription.created | subscription.created | | Subscription updated | customer.subscription.updated | subscription.updated | | Subscription active | (none) | subscription.active | | Subscription past due | (none) | subscription.pastDue | | Subscription item canceled | customer.subscription.deleted | subscriptionItem.canceled | | Subscription item past due | invoice.payment_failed | subscriptionItem.pastDue | | Subscription item updated | (none) | subscriptionItem.updated | | Subscription item active | (none) | subscriptionItem.active | | Subscription item upcoming renewal | (none) | subscriptionItem.upcoming | | Subscription item ended | (none) | subscriptionItem.ended | | Subscription item abandoned | (none) | subscriptionItem.abandoned | | Subscription item expired | (none) | subscriptionItem.expired | | Subscription item incomplete | (none) | subscriptionItem.incomplete | | Free trial ending soon | (none) | subscriptionItem.freeTrialEnding | | Payment attempt created | (none) | paymentAttempt.created | | Payment attempt updated | (none) | paymentAttempt.updated |

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Always use Clerk's event names, never Stripe's, in evt.type checks.

Payload shape. Clerk billing webhook payloads are nested. The subscribing entity lives under evt.data.payer (fields: user_id?, organization_id?). The plan info is on each item under evt.data.items[i].plan.slug. The subscription id is simply evt.data.id. Subscription items do not carry a subscription_id field back-reference, so in subscriptionItem.* handlers you identify the record by the item id (evt.data.id) or look up by payer plus plan.

Minimal handler to anchor the pattern (import from @clerk/nextjs/webhooks, verify, branch on Clerk event name):

import { verifyWebhook } from '@clerk/nextjs/webhooks'
import { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db'

export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
	let evt
	try {
		evt = await verifyWebhook(req)
	} catch {
		return new Response('Verification failed', { status: 400 })
	}

	if (evt.type === 'subscription.created') {
		const { id, payer, items, status } = evt.data
		const entityId = payer.organization_id ?? payer.user_id
		const plan = items[0]?.plan?.slug
		await db.subscriptions.upsert({
			where: { subscriptionId: id },
			create: { subscriptionId: id, entityId, plan, status },
			update: { entityId, plan, status },
		})
	}

	// Add more branches per the event catalog above (subscription.updated,
	// subscriptionItem.canceled, subscriptionItem.pastDue, etc.)

	return new Response('OK', { status: 200 })
}

For the full template covering all 15 events, the TS type declarations from @clerk/backend, the proxy.ts public-route setup, and the subscription status value table, see references/billing-webhooks.md.

10. Upgrade / Downgrade Flow

Let users manage their subscription from inside the app:

import { PricingTable } from '@clerk/nextjs'
import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server'

export default async function BillingPage() {
	const { has } = await auth()
	const isPro = has({ plan: 'pro' })

	return (
		<div>
			<h1>Billing</h1>
			{isPro ? (
				<div>
					<p>You are on the Pro plan</p>
					<PricingTable />
				</div>
			) : (
				<div>
					<p>Upgrade to access premium features</p>
					<PricingTable />
				</div>
			)}
		</div>
	)
}

<PricingTable /> renders differently for subscribed users, it shows the current plan and allows upgrades or cancellations, all through Clerk's in-app checkout drawer.

Plan and Feature Naming

Plan slugs and feature slugs are defined in Clerk Dashboard → Billing. Common conventions:

Use lowercase slugs matching what you define in the dashboard.

B2B vs B2C Billing

For B2B, ensure the user has an active org session. The has() check evaluates the active entity (user or org).

Checkout Flows

Clerk renders its own checkout drawer automatically through <PricingTable /> and <CheckoutButton />. Plans and pricing live in Clerk. To trigger checkout from a server action, redirect to a page that renders <PricingTable />:

'use server'
import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'

export async function upgradeAction() {
	redirect('/pricing')
}

Error Signatures (diagnose fast)

When you see any of these errors or symptoms, the fix is almost always a Dashboard toggle, not a code change. Do not start editing components.

Billing Gates Permissions

When Billing is enabled, has({ permission: 'org:posts:edit' }) returns false if the Feature associated with that permission is not included in the organization's active Plan, even if the user has the permission assigned via their role. This is by design: billing gates permissions at the feature level. Always ensure the required Feature is attached to the Plan in Dashboard → Billing → Plans → Features.

See Also

• clerk-setup - Initial Clerk install
• clerk-orgs - B2B organizations (required for B2B billing and seat-limit plans)
• clerk-webhooks - Webhook signature verification and routing