closeout — independently scanned and version-tracked by SaferSkills.
SaferSkills independently audited closeout (Agent Skill) and scored it 100/100 (green). The audit ran 55 deterministic rules across Security, Supply Chain, Maintenance, Transparency, and Community; it found 0 high-severity and 0 lower-severity findings. The full rule-by-rule trace and per-finding evidence are below. Free, methodology-open.
Findings & checks · 0 flagged
Every scanned point with the score it earned and what moved between them.
First recorded scan — no prior version to compare against.
The primary manifest — the file an agent reads to learn what this artifact does.
Take a reviewed PR and return the workspace to a clean base — merge, switch the shell off the worktree before removing it, prune the merged branch, pull base, and verify the end state. This is the pipeline's tail: the most-repeated motion ("I'm done, merge it and get me back to a clean main") moved out of the user's head and into a skill.
/execute Step 0 creates a worktree for every slice; until this skill existed, nothing removed one. Worktrees are a stock with an inflow and no outflow, so the stock rises without bound (Meadows, Thinking in Systems — the structural escape for an inflow-without-outflow stock is to add the missing feedback loop, not to exhort harder). The merge → teardown → pull sequence lived only in the user's memory, and "prospective memory fails silently" (Norman, The Design of Everyday Things — move the knowledge from the head into the world). The ordering is genuinely error-prone: removing a worktree while the shell's cwd is still inside it strands the shell on a trashed directory, and a node_modules-dependent Stop hook firing from there emits a wall of false MODULE_NOT_FOUND "lint/type errors" that read like a real regression. The cd-to-base-before-remove ordering in Step 4 is the load-bearing fix for exactly that slip.
This skill orchestrates existing tools (gh pr merge, wt remove / git worktree remove, commit-commands:clean_gone). It introduces no filesystem state. It verifies the outcome — clean tree, on a fresh base, PR merged — not merely that cleanup ran (Meadows' "seeking the wrong goal": a closeout measured by "did it run" optimizes the proxy and produces brittle ceremony).
This is a primary pipeline skill that owns the merge → cleanup tail of the default delivery path:
… → /pre-merge → /compound (in-PR, when a lesson exists) → /pre-merge (re-run over the compound commit; re-stamps) → [merge + worktree teardown — THIS SKILL] → [issue-closing — Step 9 prose]Use /closeout when:
/pre-merge has created a PR and the review is done (or the change is trivial enough not to need one)Do not use /closeout when:
/pre-merge first/compound, which by default has already ridden the PR before /closeout merges (post-merge /compound is the fallback); /closeout does not capture lessonsSYSTEM-OVERVIEW.md Step 9; /closeout performs the git-hygiene half and defers the issue-closing and research-artifact-supersession half to Step 9 rather than duplicating itIt is HITL-confirmed and non-blocking: it operationalizes an already-optional tail. It never auto-merges — merge is outward-facing and hard to reverse, so it always confirms first.
Run this as a do-confirm checklist (Gawande): perform each step, then verify its outcome before the next. The destructive steps (4–6) are self-guarded — confirm the safety preconditions in Step 2 hold before running them.
Before the merge/teardown sequence, determine whether this repo's isolation is host-owned (Conductor, Codespaces, devcontainers). When it is, /closeout still performs the GitHub-native merge but does not tear down the worktree or prune the local branch — the host owns that half of the lifecycle, and fighting it is Meadows' policy-resistance (two actors pushing the same stock). Cede the worktree stock to the host.
Outflow detection is stricter than `/execute`'s inflow check and must not use the generic "toplevel ≠ primary working tree" heuristic alone: a pipeline-made worktree also satisfies that test, so the generic signal cannot distinguish "host owns teardown" from "the pipeline made this and must tear it down." Resolve from .claude/settings.json worktree.provisioning (default "auto" when absent), and honor an explicit override at this end exactly as /execute does at the inflow:
pipeline setting means /execute provisioned the worktree itself, so /closeout must tear it down (the pre-host behavior). A host env var does not override an explicit pipeline choice.host_owned=yes. Never cede on the generic "toplevel ≠ primary" signal alone, and never on the bare presence of CONDUCTOR_WORKSPACE_PATH — a shell started under Conductor inherits it and can carry one naming a different repository's workspace, and ceding on that leaves a pipeline-made worktree with no one to tear it down.# host-signal: does a host env var describe THIS tree, not just this shell?
host_owned=no
top=$(cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" && pwd -P)
if [ -n "${CONDUCTOR_WORKSPACE_PATH:-}" ]; then
ws=$(cd "$CONDUCTOR_WORKSPACE_PATH" 2>/dev/null && pwd -P) || ws=
if [ -n "$ws" ]; then
case "$top/" in "$ws"/*) host_owned=yes ;; esac
fi
fi
if [ -n "${CODESPACES:-}" ] || [ -n "${REMOTE_CONTAINERS:-}" ]; then host_owned=yes; fi
echo "host_owned=$host_owned"If teardown is not ceded (including worktree.provisioning: "auto" with host_owned=no), the pipeline owns it — run the full Steps 4–6 below as written.
When isolation is host-owned, /closeout runs a reduced sequence:
gh pr merge --delete-branch. Conductor and similar hosts create the PR but leave the merge to a human action; the pipeline performing the GitHub-native merge is the value it adds, and the host reflects the result. The deferral is scoped to filesystem teardown, never the merge.--force against a host-managed tree.gh pr merge --delete-branch this skill still runs in full one bullet above. Ceding the half the host owns does not cede the half it does not.Never auto-merge. State what you are about to do and get an explicit go-ahead.
Gather the facts first (these are read-only):
git branch --show-current # the feature branch
git rev-parse --show-toplevel # the current working tree (may be a worktree)
git worktree list --porcelain | awk '/^worktree /{print $2; exit}' # the BASE checkout (main working tree)
gh pr view --json number,title,url,state,mergeable,mergeStateStatus,reviewDecision 2>/dev/nullDetermine the base branch the PR targets — the repo's declared default, not an assumption:
git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD --short 2>/dev/null | sed 's@^origin/@@' # e.g. origin/main → main; origin/prod → prodThis site wants the base branch name, not a ref — it feeds git switch <base-branch> at Step 4, and git switch rejects a remote-tracking ref outright (fatal: a branch is expected, got remote branch 'origin/prod') — it wants the local base branch you are about to pull. It deliberately does not grow the $BASE_REF guard that /pre-merge, /help, /walk-commits, /visual-recap, and /compound carry; that guard exists only because those five use the base as a range endpoint, which this skill never does. Do not "fix" this to match them.
Tell the user, in one short block: which PR will merge, which worktree (if any) and branch will be torn down, and which base branch you will return to and pull. Wait for confirmation. If there is no PR on this branch, stop and route to /pre-merge.
The teardown is destructive; verify it is safe first (self-guard). All of these must hold:
git status shows no unpushed commits, and git log @{u}.. is empty.mergeable is MERGEABLE; mergeStateStatus is not BLOCKED/DIRTY).reviewDecision is APPROVED, or the repo does not require review and the user has explicitly accepted).If any precondition fails, stop and report which one — do not merge or remove anything. A failed precondition is a signal to return to review, not to force through. When the one that failed is review — reviewDecision is CHANGES_REQUESTED, or a teammate's threads are still open — the route back is /respond-to-review: it checks each comment against the code, the human decides what to fix and what to push back on, and the fixes go through /fix-findings and a /pre-merge re-run before /closeout is run again.
*Review currency — does the approval still cover this diff? (non-blocking)*
The three checkboxes above ask whether a review happened. None of them asks whether it covered the diff about to merge. In the intended linear flow those are the same question, which is exactly why the gap is invisible; in a real HITL session scope accretes on a branch after its review pass, and nothing connects the diff /pre-merge read to the diff /closeout merges. That is an inflow with no feedback loop (Meadows — the structural fix is to add the loop, not to exhort), and it quietly degrades "the PR was reviewed" into "an early version of the PR was reviewed" at the one moment the degradation matters most. Continuous Delivery states the rule plainly: the artifact you reviewed must be the artifact you ship.
Read the stamp /pre-merge Phase 4 left and compare it to the current head. It lives where backend stamp says, per references/state-backend.md: in the PR body, or in the sidecar.
git fetch --quiet
SC="<this skill's directory>/references/sidecar.sh"
case "$(bash "$SC" backend stamp)" in
sidecar)
REVIEWED_SHA=$(bash "$SC" stamp read "$(git branch --show-current)")
HEAD_SHA=$(git rev-parse '@{u}' 2>/dev/null || git rev-parse HEAD) ;;
github)
REVIEWED_SHA=$(gh pr view <number> --json body -q .body \
| sed -n 's/.*<!-- reviewed-at: \([0-9a-f]\{40\}\) -->.*/\1/p' | tail -1)
HEAD_SHA=$(gh pr view <number> --json headRefOid -q .headRefOid) ;;
*) echo "closeout aborted: sidecar.sh backend stamp failed; not guessing the github path" >&2; exit 1 ;;
esacOn the sidecar backend the head is the branch's upstream, which is what the forge will merge: the first precondition above already requires it to match the local head. It falls back to HEAD when the branch has no upstream. stamp read prints the same full 40-character OID the PR-body marker carries, or nothing, so everything below runs unchanged on either backend.
Exactly 40 hex characters, compared by string equality. Both halves of that sentence are load-bearing, because this marker is a contract that spans two skills. /pre-merge Phase 4 emits the full 40-character OID, and headRefOid is always 40 characters, so \{40\} is the only width that can ever compare equal — accepting a shorter one would let a malformed marker (a hand-edited body, a template placeholder substituted into the wrong half) parse successfully and then differ from $HEAD_SHA forever. [[ "$REVIEWED_SHA" == "$HEAD_SHA" ]] is the comparison: exact string equality on two full OIDs, never a prefix test. A marker the regex rejects yields an empty $REVIEWED_SHA and takes the "no stamp found" branch below, which degrades gracefully — far better than the "SHAs differ" branch crying wolf on a PR whose head never moved. In the Skill Kit repo, scripts/test-review-currency-marker.sh pins this round trip against both skills so the writer's format and this parser cannot drift apart silently.
Three outcomes, and only one of them interrupts:
$REVIEWED_SHA empty) — a hand-authored PR, an external contribution, a PR that predates the stamp, or a marker whose shape the regex above rejected. Note it in one line ("no /pre-merge stamp on this PR — review currency unknown") and continue. Absence of a stamp is not evidence of an unreviewed diff, and stopping on every un-stamped PR is precisely the alarm fatigue that gets a gate reflexively defeated (Meadows, policy resistance). git diff --stat "$REVIEWED_SHA".."$HEAD_SHA"
git log --oneline "$REVIEWED_SHA".."$HEAD_SHA"If $REVIEWED_SHA is not present locally — the branch was force-pushed and the reviewed commit was rewritten away — say so. The reviewed diff is unrecoverable, which is a stronger divergence signal than a measurable delta, not a weaker one.
If it is present and git rev-parse "$REVIEWED_SHA^{tree}" equals git rev-parse "$HEAD_SHA^{tree}", the rewrite changed history but not content, usually a fold of review fixups. Say so in one line. The re-review option below costs almost nothing here: /pre-merge Phase 1 step 4 reads this state as a history-only rewrite and re-stamps without reviewing again. A re-stamp is still needed, because the git guardrail compares the stamp to the PR head at merge.
Name a `docs: compound` commit for what it contains, not for its subject line. One post-stamp commit has a standing explanation available — the docs/solutions/ entry /compound's in-PR path commits onto the branch — and that explanation is the one most likely to get the menu below clicked through. It is only ever half available: /compound Phase 5 stages Phase 4's mechanism in the same commit, so a docs: compound subject covers both a docs-only entry and a commit that ships code. In the measurement behind chrislacey89/skills#336, four of ten past-stamp merges on one repo were compound commits and two of the four shipped code — a contract test rewritten to derive its coverage from the schema, and a new test file. Read the paths rather than the subject:
git log --format='%H %s' "$REVIEWED_SHA".."$HEAD_SHA" \
| sed -n 's/^\([0-9a-f]*\) \(docs: compound.*\)$/\1/p' \
| while read -r sha; do
outside=$(git show --name-only --format= "$sha" | grep -v -E '^(docs/solutions/|UBIQUITOUS_LANGUAGE\.md$)' || true)
if [ -z "$outside" ]; then
echo "$sha docs-only /compound entry"
else
echo "$sha 'docs: compound' subject, but also touches:"
printf '%s\n' "$outside" | sed 's/^/ /'
fi
doneA commit the loop prints as a docs-only `/compound` entry is the expected post-stamp delta on the in-PR path, and saying so is worth one line — a divergence the operator cannot account for and one they can are different situations, and describing them identically is how the gate becomes wallpaper. It is still unreviewed unless the /compound handoff's /pre-merge re-run ran; naming it explains the delta, it does not discharge it. The root UBIQUITOUS_LANGUAGE.md counts with docs/solutions/ here, because /compound Phase 1's Vocabulary check stages it in the same commit. A commit that prints any other path is a code delta like any other and gets no discount at all: say that the subject line is misleading and show the paths, so the menu below is answered on the diff rather than on the prefix.
Then ask once, with a single AskUserQuestion, recommended option first:
/pre-merge reads this same stamp itself and takes the post-stamp delta as its subject (its Phase 1 step 4), so there is no range to pass it; it falls back to the whole branch on the force-push case above and when a merge commit landed after the stamp.The platform's free-text "Other" option is the escape hatch — don't add one.
This precondition never hard-blocks. /closeout is HITL and non-blocking by design, and the fix here is making the divergence visible — not seizing the merge decision from the user.
The git guardrail makes the same comparison at the merge itself; its refusal condition, where it reads the stamp, and the limits on that read are stated once, in /git-guardrails-claude-code ("What Gets Blocked Conditionally"). So the Merge anyway branch above needs the opt-out named in Step 3.
Merge with the repo's convention (squash is the common default; confirm if unsure). Let the merge delete the remote branch where the platform supports it, and give the squash commit the PR body as its message. Without --body-file, gh builds the squash message from the per-unit commit messages, so a reader who runs git blame months later lands on every fix-round message concatenated (bodies of 200–400 lines were measured across four repos on 2026-09-10) and never on the walkthrough /pre-merge Phase 2 wrote. That is also why authors put history in code comments: it was the only per-line record that survived the merge. /execute and /compound route incident history to the PR body on the promise that it lasts; this flag is what keeps the promise.
BODY_FILE=$(mktemp)
gh pr view <number> --json body -q .body > "$BODY_FILE"
gh pr merge <number> --squash --delete-branch --body-file "$BODY_FILE" # or --merge / --rebase per repo convention
rm -f "$BODY_FILE"On the `sidecar` stamp backend the same block runs, and the body it passes is the PR's own description. /pre-merge Phase 2 writes that description as plain text on this backend, so the squash commit carries no pack text. The review notes, the lineage, and the ledger stay on the work item: never paste them into $BODY_FILE or pass a body built from them, and record the Merge anyway acknowledgement in the terminal, not in the body. scripts/test-guest-footprint.sh runs this block after /pre-merge's and fails on any pack marker in the body it passes.
On a diverged stamp the guardrail refuses that merge, for the reason given at the end of Step 2. Carry a Merge anyway decision across explicitly:
ALLOW_STALE_STAMP_MERGE=1 gh pr merge <number> --squash --delete-branch --body-file "$BODY_FILE"Only after the user picked Merge anyway in Step 2. Reaching for the variable because a merge was refused, without going back through Step 2, is defeating the gate rather than passing it.
Confirm the PR now reports MERGED before touching the worktree:
gh pr view <number> --json state -q .state # expect: MERGEDThen release the post-review edit lock. /pre-merge Phase 4 wrote .claude/.review-stamped beside the review-currency stamp; the classification hook reads it and refuses implementation writes while it exists and .claude/.fix-findings-active does not. Once the PR is merged that review is spent, and a flag left behind would lock the next branch on the strength of this one's review. Remove it here, while the shell is still in the checkout that holds it — after Step 5 removes the worktree there may be nothing left to reach, and on a plain git checkout -b branch, or a host-owned worktree Step 5 skips, the flag would otherwise survive indefinitely:
PROJECT_DIR="${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR:-$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)}"
rm -f "$PROJECT_DIR/.claude/.review-stamped"
SC="<this skill's directory>/references/sidecar.sh"
case "$(bash "$SC" backend stamp)" in
sidecar) bash "$SC" stamp clear "$(gh pr view <number> --json headRefName -q .headRefName)" ;;
github) ;;
*) echo "stamp NOT cleared: sidecar.sh backend stamp failed; clear it once backend answers" >&2; exit 1 ;;
esacOn the sidecar backend the stamp is spent with the review, so it is cleared here too. The branch comes from the merged PR, not from git branch --show-current: gh pr merge --delete-branch deletes the local branch and, in a plain checkout, switches to the base first, so the current branch is by now the base. A stamp left behind would be read by a later branch reusing the name. On the github backend the stamp stays in the merged PR's body as its record.
.claude/.fix-findings-active is not removed here — /fix-findings removes its own flag on every exit path, and a copy still present at merge means that run aborted without cleaning up. Say so rather than deleting it silently; it is the one signal that the lock has been standing open.
This is the load-bearing step. If the current working tree is a linked worktree, move the shell to the base checkout now, while the worktree still exists, so nothing is removed out from under the running shell. Pick the re-anchor mechanism that matches how the session got into the worktree:
If this same session entered the worktree via `EnterWorktree` — the inflow /execute now uses (pwd reports a path under .claude/worktrees/ and EnterWorktree was called earlier in this session) — re-anchor with the matching harness tool, not a bare cd:
ExitWorktree { action: "keep" } restores the shell to the base checkout (the directory the session was in before EnterWorktree) and, per the tool's contract, will not remove a worktree entered via path. Use keep, never remove: the worktree's branch is what just merged, and Step 5/6 own its teardown and pruning. Removal stays in Step 5.
Otherwise — a fresh /closeout session that did not itself call EnterWorktree, or a plain git checkout -b checkout with no worktree — re-anchor with a bare cd (ExitWorktree only operates on worktrees its own session entered, so it is a no-op here):
cd "$(git worktree list --porcelain | awk '/^worktree /{print $2; exit}')"
git rev-parse --show-toplevel # confirm cwd is now the base checkout, not the worktreeIf Step 1 showed the current tree is the base checkout (you were on a plain git checkout -b branch, not a worktree), there is no worktree to remove — skip to switching branches:
git switch <base-branch>Either way, confirm the shell is no longer inside the feature worktree before proceeding.
Now that the shell is anchored to the base checkout, removing the worktree is safe:
wt remove <worktree-or-branch> # if worktrunk is available
# or
git worktree remove <worktree-path> # plain gitIf the worktree has uncommitted or untracked changes you have not accounted for, git worktree remove will refuse — investigate rather than forcing --force. (Everything reviewed in the PR is already merged; anything left behind is unexpected.)
The local feature branch (and its now-[gone] remote-tracking ref) is dead weight after merge. Prune it:
git fetch --prune # drop the [gone] remote-tracking ref
git branch -d <feature-branch> # safe delete; fails if not merged — investigate if it doescommit-commands:clean_gone removes all [gone] branches and their worktrees in one pass — prefer it when several stale worktrees have accumulated (the recurring symptom this skill exists to stop). Do not reimplement what it already does.
Bring the local base up to date so it reflects the merge you just made:
git pull --ff-only # fast-forward; resolves the merge into local baseConfirm the outcome, not that the steps ran. All must be true:
git branch --show-current reports the base.git status --short is empty.gh pr view <number> --json state -q .state reports MERGED.git worktree list. (N/A — host-managed — when isolation is host-owned, Step 0.)git branch. (N/A — host-managed — when isolation is host-owned, Step 0.)--delete-branch was supposed to delete is not on the remote (the command below exits 2). This one is not N/A under host-owned isolation: the host owns the filesystem worktree, gh owns the remote branch.git ls-remote --exit-code --heads origin <feature-branch> # exit 2 = confirmed gone (pass); exit 0 = still on the remote (fail); anything else = could not checkWhy the remote gets its own check. Every other item above passes while the remote branch survives — Step 3 confirms the PR reports MERGED, Step 6 prunes the local branch and its remote-tracking ref, and this list's "Branch pruned" reads git branch, which is local. None of them asks the remote. In the field gh pr merge --delete-branch aborted at its local step in a multi-worktree checkout ('main' is already used by worktree) after the remote merge had succeeded: the merge reported success, the branch deletion silently did not happen, and a fully green closeout ran over the top of it. --exit-code is what makes found and not-found distinguishable at all here; without it the command exits 0 in both states and the check reads as permanently clean.
Read the number, not just its sign. --exit-code's documented contract (git-ls-remote(1)) only names status 2, for "no matching refs" — that is the sole status this check should read as pass. Status 0 means the branch is still there. Every other status — an unreachable remote from an expired credential, a renamed origin, a transient network blip — is also non-zero and would misread as "gone" under a bare non-zero check, which silently reproduces the exact failure this item exists to close, one level down. If the exit status is neither 0 nor 2, the check did not run; treat the item as open, fix the access problem, and re-run it rather than passing it.
Report the end state in one short block. If any check fails, say which and stop — a half-clean state is exactly the failure mode this skill exists to prevent.
/compound model), invoke /compound now. If the lesson already rode the PR, say so and skip it. /closeout never captures lessons itself.SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.md Step 9 — name it as the remaining tail work; do not perform research-artifact supersession from here.| Rationalization | Reality |
|---|---|
| "The PR looks fine, I'll just merge it without asking." | Merge is outward-facing and hard to reverse. /closeout always confirms intent first (Step 1). Auto-merge is an explicit non-goal. |
"I'll wt remove first, then cd out of the trashed directory." | That is the exact slip this skill exists to prevent — it strands the shell inside a removed worktree and makes a node_modules-dependent Stop hook emit false MODULE_NOT_FOUND errors. Re-anchor to base before removing (Step 4). |
| "Verifying the steps ran is the same as verifying it worked." | Meadows' "seeking the wrong goal" — measuring activity, not outcome. Step 8 checks the actual end state: on base, clean tree, PR merged, worktree gone, branch pruned. |
| "There's a review on this PR, so the diff has been reviewed." | Only if nothing landed after it. /pre-merge stamps the SHA it reviewed; Step 2 compares that to the current head and shows git diff --stat of anything added since. A review of an earlier state is not a review of the release candidate (Continuous Delivery). |
| "I'll force the worktree removal — there's just some leftover state." | Everything reviewed is already merged; leftover state is unexpected. Investigate it rather than --force-ing it away. |
| "I'll close the PRD issue and refresh the research artifact while I'm here." | That is Step 9's job, not closeout's. Performing research-artifact supersession from here duplicates and risks contradicting the canonical cleanup prose. Name it as remaining work and hand off. |
"I'll capture the lesson in docs/solutions/ as part of closing out." | That is /compound. Under the PR-attachable model the lesson may already be on the PR; if it isn't, hand to /compound — don't fold knowledge capture into closeout. |
wt remove / git worktree remove while the shell's cwd is still inside that worktree.<!-- reviewed-at: … --> stamp without ever showing the user the post-review delta.MODULE_NOT_FOUND / "cannot find module" for biome, tsc, or vitest right after a teardown — almost always a stranded cwd, not a real failure.git worktree list showing several stale feature worktrees — evidence the outflow loop is being skipped; this is the symptom closeout removes.A run of /closeout is not complete until:
MERGEDgit worktree list and the merged branch is pruned — or, when isolation is host-owned (Step 0), teardown and pruning were correctly ceded to the host while the merge still ran/compound if a lesson is uncaptured, Step 9 issue-closing) was named in the handoff/pre-merge, on a feature branch (in a worktree or a plain checkout)/compound when a durable lesson emerged and was not already captured on the PR/compound (only when an uncaptured lesson is worth recording) and the SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.md Step 9 cleanup prose (close the PRD and slice issues, confirm research-artifact frontmatter). After that, the loop is closed — /help when you return to the repo.Next-step menu. With the merge done and a clean base reached, offer the tail as a menu rather than leaving it to recall (see references/next-step-menu.md). Present a single AskUserQuestion with the recommended step first, each option naming its outcome rather than just its skill: → `/compound` (capture a lesson from this change) when an uncaptured lesson is worth recording, Step 9 issue-closing still to do when a PRD or slice issues remain, Stopping here — clean base, nothing left open, `/help` (pick up the next piece of work). The last three are distinct destinations, not one state described three ways: Step 9's cleanup prose, ending the session, and asking what to start next. Each label leads with the act that distinguishes it, not with a shared word the reader has to scan past. Name Step 9 as remaining work; do not perform it from here. The platform's free-text "Other" option is the escape hatch — don't add one.
~30 seconds. Free. No account. Every finding cites a rule and a line of evidence.