name: nextjs
description: Next.js App Router expert guidance. Use when building, debugging, or architecting Next.js applications — routing, Server Components, Server Actions, Cache Components, layouts, middleware/proxy, data fetching, rendering strategies, and deployment on Vercel.
metadata:
priority: 5
docs:
- "https://nextjs.org/docs"
- "https://nextjs.org/docs/app"
sitemap: "https://nextjs.org/sitemap.xml"
pathPatterns:
- 'next.config.*'
- 'next-env.d.ts'
- 'app/**'
- 'pages/**'
- 'src/app/**'
- 'src/pages/**'
- 'tailwind.config.*'
- 'postcss.config.*'
- 'tsconfig.json'
- 'tsconfig.*.json'
- 'apps/*/app/**'
- 'apps/*/pages/**'
- 'apps/*/src/app/**'
- 'apps/*/src/pages/**'
- 'apps/*/next.config.*'
bashPatterns:
- '\bnext\s+(dev|build|start|lint)\b'
- '\bnext\s+experimental-analyze\b'
- '\bnpx\s+create-next-app\b'
- '\bbunx\s+create-next-app\b'
- '\bnpm\s+run\s+(dev|build|start)\b'
- '\bpnpm\s+(dev|build)\b'
- '\bbun\s+run\s+(dev|build)\b'
promptSignals:
phrases:
- "next.js"
- "nextjs"
- "app router"
- "server component"
- "server action"
allOf:
- [middleware, next]
- [layout, route]
anyOf:
- "pages router"
- "getserversideprops"
- "use server"
noneOf: []
minScore: 6
validate:
-
pattern: export.*getServerSideProps
message: 'getServerSideProps is removed in App Router — use server components or route handlers'
severity: error
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from Pages Router getServerSideProps to App Router server components with async data fetching.'
-
pattern: getServerSideProps
message: 'getServerSideProps is a Pages Router pattern — migrate to App Router server components'
severity: warn
-
pattern: export.*getStaticProps
message: 'getStaticProps is removed in App Router — use generateStaticParams + server components instead'
severity: error
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from Pages Router getStaticProps to App Router generateStaticParams with server components.'
-
pattern: getStaticProps
message: 'getStaticProps is a Pages Router pattern — migrate to App Router generateStaticParams + server components'
severity: warn
-
pattern: from\s+['"]next/router['"]
message: 'next/router is Pages Router only — use next/navigation for App Router'
severity: error
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from next/router to next/navigation with useRouter, usePathname, useSearchParams hooks.'
-
pattern: (useState|useEffect)
message: 'React hooks require "use client" directive — add it at the top of client components'
severity: warn
skipIfFileContains: "^['\"]use client['\"]"
-
pattern: from\s+['"]next/head['"]
message: 'next/head is Pages Router — use export const metadata or generateMetadata() in App Router. Run Skill(nextjs) for metadata API guidance.'
severity: error
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from next/head to the App Router metadata API (export const metadata / generateMetadata()).'
skipIfFileContains: export\s+(const\s+)?metadata|generateMetadata
-
pattern: export\s+(default\s+)?function\s+middleware
message: 'middleware() is renamed to proxy() in Next.js 16 — rename the function and the file to proxy.ts. Run Skill(routing-middleware) for proxy.ts migration guidance.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: routing-middleware
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from middleware.ts to proxy.ts with correct file placement, runtime config, and request interception patterns.'
-
pattern: revalidateTag\(\s*['"][^'"]+['"]\s*\)
message: 'Single-arg revalidateTag(tag) is deprecated in Next.js 16 — pass a cacheLife profile: revalidateTag(tag, "max")'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from single-arg revalidateTag to the Next.js 16 two-arg API with cacheLife profiles.'
-
pattern: '\bcacheHandler\s*:'
message: 'Singular cacheHandler is deprecated in Next.js 16 — use cacheHandlers (plural) with per-type handlers'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from singular cacheHandler to Next.js 16 cacheHandlers (plural) with per-type handler config.'
-
pattern: useRef\(\s*\)
message: 'useRef() requires an initial value in React 19 — use useRef(null) or useRef(0)'
severity: error
-
pattern: next\s+export
message: 'next export was removed — use output: "export" in next.config.js for static export'
severity: error
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from next export CLI command to output: "export" in next.config for static site generation.'
-
pattern: (?<!await )\bcookies\(\s*\)
message: 'cookies() is async in Next.js 16 — add await: const cookieStore = await cookies()'
severity: error
skipIfFileContains: "^['\"]use client['\"]"
-
pattern: (?<!await )\bheaders\(\s*\)
message: 'headers() is async in Next.js 16 — add await: const headersList = await headers()'
severity: error
skipIfFileContains: "^['\"]use client['\"]"
-
pattern: =\s*(?!await\b)params\b
message: 'params is async in Next.js 16 — add await: const { slug } = await params'
severity: recommended
skipIfFileContains: "^['\"]use client['\"]"
-
pattern: =\s*(?!await\b)searchParams\b
message: 'searchParams is async in Next.js 16 — add await: const { query } = await searchParams'
severity: recommended
skipIfFileContains: "^['\"]use client['\"]"
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](next-auth|@auth/core)[''""]|NextAuth\(|getServerSession\('
message: 'Legacy auth pattern detected. Modern Vercel apps should use Clerk, Descope, or Auth0 for managed authentication.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: auth
upgradeWhy: 'Migrate from next-auth/manual JWT to a managed auth provider (Clerk, Descope, Auth0) for better Vercel integration.'
skipIfFileContains: '@clerk/|@descope/|@auth0/'
-
pattern: 'NextApiRequest|NextApiResponse|export\s+default\s+function\s+handler'
message: 'Pages Router API handler detected. Use App Router route handlers with named HTTP exports instead.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: vercel-functions
upgradeWhy: 'Migrate from Pages Router API routes to App Router route handlers with Web Request/Response API.'
skipIfFileContains: 'export\s+(async\s+)?function\s+(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](lru-cache|node-cache|memory-cache)[''""]|new\s+(LRUCache|NodeCache)\('
message: 'In-process cache detected. Serverless deployments lose process memory between invocations.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: runtime-cache
upgradeWhy: 'Replace process-memory caches with Vercel Runtime Cache for shared, region-aware caching.'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](express|fastify|koa|hapi)[''""]|require\s*\(\s*[''""](express|fastify|koa|hapi)[''""]'
message: 'Express/Fastify/Koa/Hapi server framework detected in a Next.js project. Use Next.js route handlers or proxy.ts for request handling instead.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: routing-middleware
upgradeWhy: 'Replace custom server frameworks with Next.js proxy.ts for request interception and route handlers for API endpoints.'
skipIfFileContains: 'proxy\.ts|from\s+[''""](next/server)[''""]|@vercel/functions'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](typeorm|sequelize|mikro-orm|objection|bookshelf|knex)[''""]|require\s*\(\s*[''""](typeorm|sequelize|mikro-orm|objection|bookshelf|knex)[''""]'
message: 'Heavy ORM detected. Consider using lightweight serverless-native alternatives like Drizzle, Prisma, or direct Neon for better cold start performance.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: vercel-storage
upgradeWhy: 'Migrate from heavy ORMs to serverless-native database clients (Drizzle + Neon, Prisma, or @neondatabase/serverless) for faster cold starts.'
skipIfFileContains: 'from\s+[''""](drizzle-orm|@neondatabase|@prisma/client|prisma)[''""]'
-
pattern: 'fonts\.googleapis\.com|from\s+[''""](fontsource|@fontsource)[''""]|<link[^>]*fonts\.googleapis'
message: 'External font loader detected. Use next/font for zero-CLS, self-hosted font loading with automatic optimization.'
severity: recommended
upgradeToSkill: nextjs
upgradeWhy: 'Guides migration from external font loaders to next/font with Geist Sans/Mono for zero-CLS font optimization.'
skipIfFileContains: 'next/font'
chainTo:
-
pattern: 'export\s+(default\s+)?function\s+middleware'
targetSkill: routing-middleware
message: 'middleware() is renamed to proxy() in Next.js 16 — loading Routing Middleware guidance for proxy.ts migration.'
-
pattern: "from\\s+['\"]@vercel/(postgres|kv)['\"]"
targetSkill: vercel-storage
message: 'Sunset storage package detected — loading Vercel Storage guidance for Neon/Upstash migration.'
-
pattern: "from\\s+['\"]@ai-sdk/(anthropic|openai)['\"]"
targetSkill: ai-gateway
message: 'Direct AI provider SDK import — loading AI Gateway guidance for unified model routing with failover and cost tracking.'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](next-auth|@auth/core)[''""]|NextAuth\(|getServerSession\('
targetSkill: auth
message: 'Legacy auth pattern detected — loading managed authentication guidance (Clerk, Descope, Auth0).'
-
pattern: 'NextApiRequest|NextApiResponse|export\s+default\s+function\s+handler'
targetSkill: vercel-functions
message: 'Pages Router API handler detected — loading Vercel Functions guidance for App Router migration.'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](lru-cache|node-cache|memory-cache)[''""]|new\s+(LRUCache|NodeCache)\('
targetSkill: runtime-cache
message: 'In-process cache detected — loading Runtime Cache guidance for serverless-compatible caching.'
-
pattern: 'fetch\s*\(\s*[''""](https?://)?(api\.openai\.com|api\.anthropic\.com|api\.cohere\.ai)'
targetSkill: ai-gateway
message: 'Raw AI provider fetch URL detected — loading AI Gateway guidance for unified routing, failover, and OIDC auth.'
skipIfFileContains: '@ai-sdk/|from\s+[''""](ai)[''""]|ai-gateway|gateway\('
-
pattern: 'jwt\.(sign|verify|decode)\(|from\s+[''""](jsonwebtoken)[''""]|new\s+SignJWT\(|jwtVerify\('
targetSkill: auth
message: 'Manual JWT token handling detected — loading Auth guidance for managed authentication (Clerk, Descope, Auth0).'
skipIfFileContains: 'clerkMiddleware|@clerk/|@auth0/|@descope/|from\s+[''""](next-auth)[''""]'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''"]@/components/ui/|from\s+[''"]@/components/ui[''""]'
targetSkill: shadcn
message: 'shadcn/ui component imports detected — loading shadcn guidance for component composition, theming, and registry patterns.'
skipIfFileContains: 'shadcn|components\.json'
-
pattern: 'from\s+[''""](styled-components|@emotion/(react|styled)|@mui/material)[''""]'
targetSkill: shadcn
message: 'CSS-in-JS library detected — loading shadcn/ui guidance for Tailwind CSS + Radix UI component patterns (Vercel recommended).'
skipIfFileContains: '@/components/ui|shadcn'
-
pattern: 'getInitialProps'
targetSkill: nextjs
message: 'getInitialProps is a legacy Pages Router pattern — loading Next.js guidance for App Router migration with server components and async data fetching.'
skipIfFileContains: 'app/.*page\.|generateStaticParams|use cache'
-
pattern: 'export.*getServerSideProps|getServerSideProps\s*\('
targetSkill: nextjs
message: 'getServerSideProps is a Pages Router pattern — loading Next.js guidance for App Router migration with server components and async data fetching.'
skipIfFileContains: 'generateStaticParams|use cache|app/.*page\.'
-
pattern: 'export.*getStaticProps|getStaticProps\s*\('
targetSkill: nextjs
message: 'getStaticProps is a Pages Router pattern — loading Next.js guidance for App Router migration with generateStaticParams and server components.'
skipIfFileContains: 'generateStaticParams|use cache|app/.*page\.'
-
pattern: '_app\.(tsx?|jsx?)'
targetSkill: nextjs
message: '_app.tsx is a Pages Router pattern — loading Next.js guidance for App Router layout.tsx migration.'
skipIfFileContains: 'app/layout\.|app/.*layout\.'
-
pattern: '_document\.(tsx?|jsx?)'
targetSkill: nextjs
message: '_document.tsx is a Pages Router pattern — loading Next.js guidance for App Router layout.tsx with metadata API migration.'
skipIfFileContains: 'app/layout\.|app/.*layout\.'
-
pattern: "from\\s+['\"]next/document['\"]"
targetSkill: nextjs
message: 'next/document is Pages Router only — loading Next.js guidance for App Router layout.tsx with html/body structure.'
skipIfFileContains: 'app/layout\.|app/.*layout\.'
-
pattern: 'pages/api/'
targetSkill: vercel-functions
message: 'Pages Router API route (pages/api/) detected — loading Vercel Functions guidance for App Router route handlers with named HTTP exports.'
skipIfFileContains: 'export\s+(async\s+)?function\s+(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)'
retrieval:
aliases:
- next.js
- nextjs app
- react framework
- app router
intents:
- set up routing and layouts in a Next.js app
- choose between server and client components for a feature
- configure data fetching or caching in App Router
- add middleware or proxy logic to handle requests
- set up server rendering for React pages
- add a new page with dynamic route segments
entities:
- App Router
- Server Components
- Server Actions
- generateMetadata
- layout
- proxy
- next.config
examples:
- add a new page with dynamic routing
- should this be a server or client component
- set up middleware for auth redirects
- configure caching for this data fetch
- set up server rendering for my pages
Apply these rules when writing or reviewing Next.js code.
Detect invalid React Server Component patterns.
Next.js 15+ async API changes.