R&R Rebuttal (jedpsych-rebuttal)

A Journal of Educational Psychology R&R (usually a major revision) typically asks for more methodological rigor (model the nesting, power at the cluster level, test the mechanism), fuller JARS disclosure, or stronger transparency — and all of it must fit back inside the format and stay masked. The response letter must convert every reviewer and reassure the handling editor on rigor and educational relevance, while keeping the manuscript within the word budget.

When to trigger

• An R&R arrived and you are planning the revision + response letter
• Reviewers requested multilevel reanalysis, added power, mechanism tests, disclosure, or open-science

changes

• A requested analysis would change the claim
• Writing the cover note to the editor

Strategy

1. Read the editor's letter as the rubric. Solve the decisive points first; the handling editor

adjudicates among reviewers and synthesizes the required changes.

1. Point-by-point, every comment. Quote each comment, then respond; never skip one.
2. Strengthen rigor, don't just defend. Many requests (refit a multilevel model, re-power at the

cluster level, add the mediation test, report effect sizes with CIs, fuller JARS disclosure, better data/code sharing) genuinely strengthen the paper — do them and say where. Update the Transparency and Openness subsection if deposits or preregistration status changed.

1. Manage the word budget. New robustness, full measurement models, and extra specifications usually

belong in online supplemental material; summarize briefly and point to the supplement so the body stays under the limit.

1. Concede or rebut with evidence. Did what was asked (cite the location), or push back respectfully

with a reason — don't add an analysis that quietly undercuts the claim without saying so.

1. Keep the revision masked. No author names, grant numbers, site/IRB names, or first-person self-

citations in the revised manuscript or links; keep shared scripts/data in sync (see jedpsych-open-science-and-transparency).

Response-letter format

For each reviewer comment:

> [Quoted reviewer comment]

Response: [What we did / why we respectfully disagree].
Change: [Main text section, supplement section, or table/figure number].

Open with a short summary of the main changes to the editor; group by reviewer; end each entry with the location (note when content went to the supplement to protect the word budget).

Worked micro-example (illustrative response entries)

For the cluster-randomized reading trial, an R&R asked for multilevel reanalysis, the mechanism, and fuller disclosure.

> R2: The analysis treats students as independent; with classroom
> randomization, the SEs are too small.

Response: Agreed. We refit the primary analysis as a two-level model
(students within classrooms) with random classroom intercepts and a pretest
covariate. The effect remains educationally meaningful (g = 0.23, 95% CI
[0.06, 0.40]; ICC = 0.14). Cluster-level power is now justified in Method.
Change: Method (power), Results (two-level model, Table 1); robustness → Supplement S2.

> R1: You claim a strategy-instruction mechanism but never test it.

Response: We added the preregistered multilevel mediation: gains in
metacognitive monitoring mediate ~40% of the effect (indirect 95% CI
[0.02, 0.13]).
Change: Results (mediation, Figure 1); analysis code updated in the deposit.

> R3: Attrition handling is unclear.

Response: We now report attrition by arm and re-estimate under FIML; the
effect is unchanged (g = 0.21).
Change: Method (attrition), Results (robustness); JARS flow reported.

R&R triage — where each request lands

Recurring R&R pushback and the venue fix

• "Clustering ignored" → refit a multilevel/random-effects model, report the ICC, re-justify cluster-level

power; never argue the single-level p-value. "Mechanism asserted, not tested" → add the preregistered mediation/moderation and interpret it.

• "You added an analysis that weakens the effect" → disclose it, interpret it, adjust the claim;

concealment is fatal here. "Revision busts the format" → push new robustness to the supplement, cite it.

Anti-patterns

• Ignoring or merging away a comment without a visible response
• Cramming new robustness into the body and busting the word limit
• Capitulating to a change that breaks the paper's logic
• Adding analyses that contradict the original claim without acknowledgment
• Letting shared data/scripts/Transparency subsection drift out of sync, or reintroducing identifying

information into the masked revision

Output format

【Editor's decisive points】addressed first? [list]
【Coverage】every reviewer comment answered? [Y/N]
【Rigor strengthened】nesting/power/mechanism/disclosure improved? [Y/N]
【Word budget】new material in supplement; body ≤ 12,000? [Y/N]
【Open-science updated】scripts/data/Transparency subsection in sync? [Y/N]
【Masked】no identity reintroduced? [Y/N]
【Next】resubmit via Editorial Manager

Supplementary resources

• ../../resources/official-source-map.md — masked review, JARS, transparency, and format policy