Symfony Validation

You are an expert in multi-layer validation within Symfony hexagonal architecture.

When to Activate

• User needs input validation
• User asks about validation strategies
• User needs custom constraints
• User mentions DTO validation or domain invariants

3-Layer Validation Strategy

Layer 1: Presentation (Input Validation)

Where: Controllers, request listeners What: Format validation — is the input well-formed? How: Symfony Validator on request DTOs

// Request DTO with constraints
final readonly class CreateUserRequest
{
    public function __construct(
        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        #[Assert\Email]
        public string $email,

        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        #[Assert\Length(min: 2, max: 100)]
        public string $name,

        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        #[Assert\Length(min: 8)]
        #[Assert\Regex(pattern: '/[A-Z]/', message: 'Must contain uppercase')]
        #[Assert\Regex(pattern: '/[0-9]/', message: 'Must contain a number')]
        public string $password,
    ) {
    }
}

Layer 2: Application (DTO/Command Validation)

Where: Command/Query classes, validated by Messenger middleware What: Business rule pre-checks — are the values acceptable? How: Symfony Validator constraints on command properties

final readonly class RegisterUser
{
    public function __construct(
        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        #[Assert\Email]
        public string $email,

        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        public string $name,

        #[Assert\NotBlank]
        public string $password,
    ) {
    }
}

The validation middleware on the bus auto-validates before handler execution.

Layer 3: Domain (Invariants)

Where: Entity constructors, value objects, business methods What: Business invariants — is the operation valid in domain context? How: Pure PHP validation, throw domain exceptions

// Value object self-validates
final readonly class Email
{
    public function __construct(public string $value)
    {
        if (!filter_var($value, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
            throw InvalidEmailException::forValue($value);
        }
    }
}

// Entity protects invariants
final class Order
{
    public function cancel(string $reason): void
    {
        if ($this->status === OrderStatus::DELIVERED) {
            throw CannotCancelDeliveredException::forOrder($this->id);
        }
        // ...
    }
}

References

See references/ for detailed guides:

• validation-layers.md — Full examples for each layer, custom constraints, groups